Aircraft Avionics Suitable for Advanced Approach Applications

Table 5-1 - General Aviation Aircraft-Twin Engine Cabin Class ................................... 5-2 Table 5-2 - General Aviation Navigation Avionics Manufactured Since 1970 ............... 5-23 Table 6-1 - Helicopter Population In U.S. Fleet........................................................... 6-2 Table 6-2 - IFR Certi Rotorcraft .......................................................................... 6-3 FIGURES Figure 2.1 Major Air Carrier Typical Equipage for 1-727 ............................................ 2-4 Figure 2-2 Major Air Carler Typical Equipage for DC-9 .............................................. 2-5 Figure 2-3 Major Air Carrier Typical Equipage for B-737 .............................................. 2-6 Figure 2-4 Major Air Carrier Typical Equipage for DC-10 ............................................. 2-7 Figure 2-5 Major Air Carrier Typical Equipage for 1-747 .............................................. 2-8 Figure 2-6 Major Air Carrier Typical Equipage for L-1011 ............................................ 2-9 Figure 2-7 Major Air Carrier Typical Equipage for DC-S .............................................. 2-10 Figure 2-8 Major Air Carrier Typical Equipage for B-767 .............................................. 2-11 Figure 2-9 Major Air Carrier Typical Equipage for A-300 ............................................. 2-12 Figure 2-10 Major Air Carrier Typical Equlipage for B-757 ............................................ 2-13 Figure 3-1 RegIonal Air Carrier Equipage for CESSNA 402 ........................................... 3-4 Figure 3-2 Reglomal Air Carrier Equlpage for EMB-110 BANDEIRANTE ........................ 3-5 Figure 3-3 Regional Air Carrier Equilpage for SA-227 METRO M ................................. 3.6 Figure 3-4 Regional Air Carrier Equipage for SD 3-30 SHORTS .................................... 3-7 Figure 3-5 Regional Air Carrier Equlpege for SA-226 METRO 1 ................................... 3-8 Figure 3-6 Regional Air Carrier Equipage for SD 3-60 SHORTS .................................... 3-9 Figure 3-7 Regional Air Carrler Equipage for DHC46 TWIN OTTER ............................. 3-10 Figure 3-8 Regional Air Carrier Equipage for CONVAIR 80/600/640 ............................ 3-11 ii LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES (Continued) Figure 3-9 Regional Air Carrier Equipage for DHC-7 DASH 7 ....................................... 3-12 Figure 3-10 Regional Air Carrier Equipage for BEECH 99 .............................................. 3-13 Figure 3-11 Regional Air Carrier Equipage for BEECH 1900 ........................................... 3-14 Figure 3-12 Regional Air Currier Equipage for F-27 FOXER ......................................... 3-15 Figure 3-13 Regional Air Carrier Equipage for F-28 FOKKER ......................................... 3-16 Figure 3-14 Regional Air Carrier Equipage for DC-3(A) ................................................. 3-17 Figure 3-15 Reglonal Air Carrier Equipage for NIHON YS-11(A) ..................................... 3-18 Figure 3-16 Regional Air Carrier Equipage for G-159 GULFSTREAM I ............................ 3-19 Figure 3-17 Regional Air Carrier Equipage for MOHAWK 298 (NORD 262 Cony.) ............. 3-20 Figure 3-18 Regional Air Carrier Equipage for BAe 146 .............................. 3-21 Figure 3-19 Regional Air Carrier Equipage for BAC 111 ONE-ELEVEN ......................... 3-22 Figure 3-20 Regional Air Carrier Equipage for MARTIN 404 .......................................... 3-23 Figure 321 RegIoal Air Carier Equipage for DC-9 .................................................... 3-24 Figure 322 Regional Air Carrier Equipage for SF-340 SAAB .......................................... 3-25 Figure 3-23 Regional Air Carrier Equipage for BAe 31 JETSTREAM ............................... 3-26 Figure 3-24 Regional Air Carrier Equipage for HS 748 HAWKER .................................... 3-27 Figure 3-25 Regioual Air Carrier Equipage for CESSNA CITATION I .............................. 3-28 Figure 3-26 Regional Air Carrier Equipage for PIPER SUPER CUB ................................ 3-29 Figure 4-1 Executive Jet Avionics Equipage for LEARJETS .......................................... 4-3 Figure 42 Executive Jet Avionics Equipage for LEAR 55 ............................................. 4-4 Figure 4-3 Executive Jet Avionics Equipage for FALCON 10 ......................................... 4-5 Figure 4-4 Executive Jet Avionics Equipage for FALCON 20 ......................................... 4-6 Figure 4-5 Executive Jet Avionics Equipage for FALCON 50 ......................................... 4-7 Figure 4-6 Executive Jet Avionics Equipage for SABRELINERS .................................... 4-8 Figure 4-7 Executive Jet Avionics Equipage for HS 125 HAWKER ................................. 4-9 Figure 44 Executive Jet Avionics Equipage for CL 600/601 CHALLENGER .................. 4-10 Figure 4-9 Executive Jet Avionics Equipage for GULFSTREAM 1U ................................. 4-11 Figure 4-10 Executive Jet Avionics Equipage for GULFSTREAM I ............................... 4-12 i LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES (Continued) Figure 5-1 G.A. Turboprop Equlpge for DEECH 200 SUPER KING AIRS. ............. 5-4 Figure 5-2 G.A. Turboprop Avionics Equpage for BEECH 100 KING AIRS ................... 5-5 Figure 5-3 G.A. Turboprop Avionics Equipage for BEECH 90 KING AIRS .................... 5-6 Figure 5-4 G.A. Turboprop Avionics Equipage CESSNA 425 CONQUEST I ................... 5-7 Figure 5-5 G.A. Turboprop Avionics Equipage for CESSNA 441 CONQUEST ......... 5-7 Figure 5-6 G.A. Turboprop Avionics Equipage for PIPER CHEYENNE I & ........... 5-9 Figure 5-7 G.A. Turboprop Avionics Equipage for PIPER CHEYENNE I &I................5-10 Figure 54 G.A. Turboprop Avionics Equipage for ROCKWELL COMMANDERS ........... 5-11 Figure 5-9 General Aviation Avionics Equipage for CESSNA 421 GOLDEN EAGLE ......... 5-12 Figure 5-10 General Aviation Avionics Equipage for CESSNA 414 CHANCELLOR ............ 5-13 Figure 5-11 General Aviation Avionics Equipage for CESSNA 402 ................................... 5-14 Figure 5-12 General Aviation Avionics Equipage for CESSNA 340 ................................... 5-15 Figure 5-13 General Aviation Avionics Equipage for CESSNA 303 CRUSADER ................. 5-16 Figure 5-14 General Aviation Avionics Equipage for PIPER MOJAVE ............................. 5-17 Figure 5-15 General Aviation Avionics Equipage for PIPER NAVAJO and CHIEFTAIN ..... 5-18 Figure 5-16 General Aviation Avionics Equipage for PIPER AEROSTAR .............. 5-19 Figure 5-17 General Aviation Avionics Equipage for BEECH 60 DUKE ............................ 5-20 Figure 5-18 General Aviation Avionics Equipage for BEECH 55 and 58 BARON ................ 5-21 Figure 5-19 General Aviation Light Twin Engine and Single Engine Avionics Equipage ........ 5-24 Figure 6-1 IFR Rotorcraft Equipage for AEROSPATIALE 330 PUMA ........................... 6-4 Figure 6-2 IFR Rotoreraft Equipage for AEROSPATIALE 332L1 SUPER PUMA ............ 6-5 Figure 6-3 IFR Rotorcraft Equlpage for AEROSPATIALE 350D A STAR ...................... 6-6 Figure 6-4 IFR Rotorcraft Equlpage for AEROSPATIALE 355F2 TWIN STAR ................ 6-7 Figure 6-5 IFR Rotorcraft Equipage for AEROSPATIALE 365 DAULPHIN II ................ 68 Figure 6-6 IFR Rotoreraft Equipage for AEROSPATIALE 366 DAULPHIN II ................ 6-9 Figure 6-7 IFR Rotorcraft Equipage for AGUSTA 109A (H) ......................................... 6-10 Figure 6.8 IFR Rotoreraft Equipage for BELL 212 ...................................................... 6-11 Figure 6-9 IFR Rotorcraft Equipage for BELL 214 SUPER TRANSPORT ....................... 6-12 iv LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES (Continued) Figure 6-10 IFR Rotorpraft Equipage for BELL 222. .............................. 6-13 Figure 6-11 IFR Rotorcraft Equipage for BELL 412 ..................................................... 6-14 Figure 6-12 IFR Rotorcraft Equipage for BOEING VERTOL 234 CHINOOK ................... 6-15 Figure 6-13 IFR Rotorcraft Equipage for SIKORSKY S-76 CORPORATE ....................... 6-16 Figure 6-14 IFR Rotoreraft Equipage for SIKORSKY S-76 OFF-SHORE ......................... 6-17 v CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND The National Airspace System is evolving to meet current and future air transportation requirements. System improvements based on new technologies will continue to make the system safe and efficient. The review of current systems aids in the development of compatible and cost effective advanced systems. This study reviews typical avionics configurations for their compatibility in advanced approach applications. Based on this study and other efforts, new concepts will be developed which use existing displays. Simulation experiments will also be developed to analyze systems' capabilities. The Federal Aviation Administration is in the process of installing the new Microwave Landing System (MLS) as part of the improved navigation and landing system and is studying advanced MLS- guided approaches. In order for current aircraft to achieve maximum advantage from the improved capability of MLS, (e.g., curved or segmented approaches) at minimum cost, the FAA needs to identify existing avionics currently installed on various classes of aircraft which could be used as part of the advanced approach display and guidance system. Such data on specific equipage of various classes of aviation users has not been compiled before. This lack of data has prevented the development of comprehensive simulations to check out MLS approach concepts. Currently the FAA's Cockpit Technology Program Office is working with NASA and the FAA Technical Center in developing scenarios for advanced approaches and simulations to test these scenarios. A necessary input into the scenario is the current avionic equipage of various classes of aircraft. RIO Enterprises, Inc. has been tasked by the Program Engineering and Maintenance Service (APM) at FAA Headquarters to compile data on the avionics that are now installed in various types of aircraft and that could be integrated with the MLS, to support advanced approaches. 1.2 SCOPE This report catalogs MLS-compatible avionics. It identifies specific equipment currently found in aircraft which could be used in conjunction with the MLS angle receiver during approach operations. Because of the diverse range of users which are candidates for the advanced approach concept, we developed a representative sample of each class of aircraft used by each group. The users under consideration include the commercial carriers, general aviation, and rotorcraft. The commercial carriers are divided into the major air carriers and the commuter and air taxi operators, called regional air carriers. The general aviation class is composed of cabin class aircraft and single engine and light twin engine aircraft. Rotorcraft constitutes a separate category because of this aircraft's unique flight capabilities. However, rotorcraft are combined into one group without regard to the user community (e.g., air taxi, corporate) to which they belong. 1.3 TECHNICAL APPROACH We limited the aircraft considered as candidates for advanced approaches to those typically operating under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) and equipped with adequate avionics to meet minimum IFR requirements. This category includes all aircraft which operate above eighteen thousand feet (FL 180), all aircraft operating under Parts 121 and 125, Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (CFRs) and the majority of aircraft operating under Part 135. In addition, many aircraft operating under Part 91 are IFR certified and therefore included in the study. We divided the study into major user categories and collected equipage data on each user. Major air carriers were contacted about specific equipment on every aircraft model in the inventory. We chose regional air carriers, including commuter and air taxi, on the basis of the number of passengers carried, and we asked the top 25 carriers for specific equipage of their fleets. We divided executive aircraft into turbo-jets and turbo-prop categories and obtained typical avionic equipage for each aircraft in the categories by contacting airframe manufacturers, avionic manufacturers, and FBOs (Fixed Base Operators). We also researched used aircraft sales publications and FAA avionic surveys. Further, we 1-2 developed the general aviation aircraft equipage by talking with airframe and avionic manufacturers and reviewing used aircraft sales publications and FAA avionic surveys. We developed the helicopter equipage on the basis of direct contact with manufacturers and user organizations. We limited the avionics suitable for advance approaches to auto-pilots, flight directors, specific VHF navigation equipment, navigation displays, distance measuring equipment, and radar systems. We included instrument model numbers for most navigation display instruments. Other instrumentation model numbers for example, attitude direction indicators, can be derived from the associated avionic components where possible. Automatic direction finding (ADF) systems were also included throughout most of the study. 1.4 REPORT ORGANIZATION This report presents the results of the study identifying aircraft equipage of navigation avionics organized by user groups. Chapter One presents the background, scope, technical approach and organization of this report. Chapter Two presents the avionic equipage of the air carriers and identifies avionics by aircraft type. Chapter Three addresses the regional air carrier community equipage based on the top 25 regional carriers. Chapter Four focuses on the executive jet fleet of aircraft. Chapter Five describes the navigation capabilities of the general aviation aircraft. It is divided into two sections: (1) the twin engine cabin class of aircraft, and (2) the light twin engine and single engine aircraft. Chapter Six presents the results of the helicopter community equipage study, limited to IFR certified helicopters. Chapter Seven presents the conclusions of the study. W- CHAPTER TWO MAJOR AND NATIONAL AIR CARRIERS 2.1 INTRODUCTION The air carrier fleet of the United States consists of 27 major and national air carriers as defined by the World Aviation Directory. The combined fleet operates 2443 aircraft comprising 15 types and all models within each aircraft type. The fleet consists of almost all pure jet equipment except for the Convair 580 and the DeHavilland DHC-7 turbo prop aircraft. The dominant aircraft in the inventory is the Boeing 727-200 with 783 aircraft in the fleet. Table 2-1 presents the summary by carrier, based on 1984 statistics compiled by the World Aviation Directory. Although new aircraft are scheduled for delivery to the carriers, and some models are planned for retirement or sale, the FAA does not expect the total population to change dramatically in the next few years. Table 2-1 Summary of Aircraft Used By Major and National Air Carriers Quantity Aircraft Type Models Manufacturer in Service B-727 -100, -200 Boeing 987 DC-9 -10/40, 50 McDonnell Douglas 435 B-737 -100, -200 Boeing 310 DC-10 -10, -30,-40 McDonnell Douglas 150 B-747 All Boeing 128 L-1011 All Lockheed 114 MD-80 All McDonnell Douglas 86 DC-8 -50,-60,-70 McDonnell Douglas 81 B-767 All Boeing 51 A-300 All Airbus Industries 34 BAC-111 All British Aerospace 26 B-757 All Boeing 15 CV-580 All Convair 15 DHC-7 All DeHavilland 7 F-28 All Fokker 4 2-1 2.2 DEVELOPMENT OF AVIONIC EQUIPAGE We asked a representative sample of the air carrier community for data on the avionics equipage of their fleet of aircraft. During the data collection effort we examined potential variations among models within an aircraft type and discovered that most commercial airlines try to standardize avionics configurations for all of their own aircraft of the same type. Moreover, there are generally no differences in avionic configurations between similar models of aircraft within a fleet (e.g., B727-100 and 727-200). Each airline contacted, furnished model and quantity data for each aircraft in its fleet covering the following avionic systems: " Area Navigation Systems " Flight Directors (FD) " Flight Management Systems * Integrated Flight Controls " Distance Measuring Equipment " Navigation Receivers * Radar Systems " Course Deviation Indicators (CDI) * Horizontal Situation Indicators (HSI) " Radio Magnetic Indicators (RMI) The majority of the air carrier aircraft do not have VOR/DME-based Area Navigation Systems (RNAV) in their aircraft. Long-range aircraft, typically those involved in international flights, have Omega-based systems or inertial navigation systems that provide the area navigation capability. However, these navigation systems have not been listed in this report because they are not certified for non-precision approaches. All air carrier aircraft are equipped with flight directors (FDs) which are either a part of the auto pilot system or a separate system providing the FD function. Integrated flight control systems (IFCS) such as the Sperry SPZ 600/800 or Collins FCS-80 are typically reserved for corporate-class aircraft where a single manufacturer provides the auto pilot, flight director, and air data computer 2-2 components in a single integrated system. The large air carrier aircraft possess the capabilities provided by an IFCS but not necessarily in a single integrated system. The remaining navigation oriented avionics are typically stand-alone units, remotely mounted, with panel or pedestal mounted displays and cofitrols. The majority of the major and national air carriers specify the Aeronautical Radio, Inc. (ARINC) characteristics (i.e., form, fit, function) for avionics used in their fleet of aircraft. This specification permits interchange of all manufacturers' equipment built to a specific ARINC characteristic and defines the external performance parameters of the avionics. This standardization will make it easy to interface the proposed advanced approach system with existing avionics. 2.3 AIR CARRIER AVIONIC EQUIPAGE The typical air carrier aircraft is adequately equipped for IFR flights. They are operated by at least a two-man crew, pilot and copilot, usually with identical instruments for each. The aircraft contains two VOR navigation receivers, each driving an HSI with an RMI on the opposite position. DME information, whether derived from a single DME or dual system will drive an indicator usually configured as part of the HSI. Stand-alone indicators for DME are common and are often provided in addition to a DME readout integrated into the HSI. CDIs are usually not included in the panels. Weather radar information is displayed to the crew on either a single, center-mounted CRT, or, in the case of larger air frames, on two CRTs mounted on the lower panels near the fuselage. Cockpit panel space is very limited because engine performance indicators fill all available space outside of the conventional ADIs, VSIs, altimeters, and air speed indicators. New generation aircraft incorporating the Electronic Flight Instrument Systems (EFIS) have much greater display flexibility based on the menu selected by the crew and must be treated separately. Figures 2-1 through 2-10 present the results of the study by type of aircraft with typical avionic instrumentation. The figures list the total population of aircraft types in the U.S. air carrier fleet, the size of the sample used in this study, typical avionic models encountered in the fleet sample, pilot and copilot instrumentation, and any variations on typical configurations uncovered during the study. In addition a picture of the instrument panel shows the panel area on each aircraft type. 2-3 MAnufacturer: Boeing Number in Population: 987 Number of Engines: 3 - Jet Number in Sample: 281 Gross VeIght: 160,000 - 191,000 lbs. M.odels: -100, -200 AVIONICS FUNCTION QUANTITY MODELS VOR Receiver 2/3 5iRVI, 51RY2, 51RV4 ONE 2 860E-2/4/5, KOM 7000 Weather Radar I WXR 700C, AVQ1O, RDR-IE Auto Pilot 1 SP 50/150 Flight Director 2 FD-109A, Z5, 614 E9C INSTRUMENTS FUNCTION PILOT/MODEL COWION/MODEL COPILOT/MO0DEL HSI 1 Sperry - -1 Sperry 331 AGO 331 AGO RMI 1 Bendix 1 Bendix CDI 0 - -0 PPI 0 1 PPI/1G/M 0 PP I-lU Figure 2-1 Major Air Carrier Typical Equlpage for B-727 2-4 Manufacturer: McDonnell Douglas Numer in Population: 435 Number of Engines: 2-Jet Number in Sample: 79 Gross Weight: 98,000 - 122,200 lbs. Models: -10/40, 50 AVIONICS Function Quantity Model s VOR Receiver 2-3 51RV-1, 51RV-28, 51RV-4 DME 2 860 E-2/4 Weather Radar 1 RDR-1E Auto Pilot 1 Sperry Flight Director 2 614 E9C INSTRUENTS Function Pilot/Model Caimon/Model CoPilot/Model HSI 1 331 A6D 1 - 331 A6D RMI 1 Sperry - -1 Sperry Col 0a 0 PPI - -PPI-1M/1G - Fige 242 Nsjw Air Carkir Typca Equlpag for DC-9 2-5 Manufacturer: Boeing Number in Population: 310 Number of Engines: 2-Jet Number in Samnple: 49 Gross Weight: 111,000 - 125,000 lbs. Models: -100, -200 AVIONICS Function Quantity Models VOR Receiver 2 51RV2 OME 2 860E-2 Weather Radar 1 AVQ10 Auto Pilot 1 SP77 Flight Director 2 FD109A INSTRUMENTS Function Pilot/Model Comon/Model CoPilot/Model HSI 1 Sperry - -1 Sperry RMI 1 Bendix - -1 Bendix CDI 0- 0- PPI - -1 (Pedestal) - - Figure 2-3 Major Air Carrie Typical Equipage for 13-737 2-6 Manufacturer: McDonnell Douglas Number in Population: 150 Number of Engines: 3-Jet Number in Sample: 50 Gross Weight: 455,000 lbs. Models: -10, -30, -40 AVIONICS Function Quantity Models VOR Receiver 2 51RV2 OME 2 KDM47000 Weather Radar 1 WXR700C, AVQ30 Auto Pilot 2 P8100 Flight Director 2 P/0 AP INSTRU14ENTS Function Pilot/Model Comon/Model CoPilot/Model HSI 1 Sperry - -1 Sperry RMI 1 Sperry I Sperry CDI 0 -- -0 - PPI 1 Left Panel - -1 Right Panel Figure 2-4 Major Air Carrier Typical Equlpage for DC-1O 2-7 1~ Manufacturer: Boeing Number in Population: 128 Nubrof Engines: 4-Jet Number in Sample: 18 Gross Weight: 700,000 - 833,000 lbs. Models: All + SP AVIONICS Function Quantity Model s VOR Receiver 2 51RY2 OME 2 KDM 7000 Weather Radar 1 AVQ 30 Auto Pilot 3 SP31 Flight Director 3 P/0 AP INSTRU14ENTS Function Pilot/Model Common/Model CoPilot/Model HSI 1 Collins - -1 Collins RMI 1 Sperry - -1 Sperry CDI 0 -- -0 - PPI 1 Left Panel I Right Panel Figure 2-5 Major Air Carrier Typical Eqiipaile for B-747 2-8 Manufacturer: Lockheed Number in Population: 114 Number of Engines: 3 - Jet Number in Sample: 24 Gross Weight: 430,000 - 496,000 lbs. Models: All + 500 AVIONICS Function Quantity Models VOR Receiver 2 51R -6/10A DME 2 860E -3/5 Weather Radar 2 RDR-IF Auto Pilot 1 916 A-4 Flight Director 1 PlO AP (AFL) INSTRUMENTS Function P11 ot/Model Coimmon/Model CoPilot/Model HSI I Sperry - -1 Sperry RMI 1 Sperry - -1 Sperry CDI 0 - -0 PPI 1 PPI-IT I PPI-1T Figure 246 Maor Air Carrier Typica Equripage for L-iO11 2-9 Manufacturer: McDonnell Douglas Number in Population: 81 Number of Engines: 4-Jet Number in Sample: 41 Gross Weight: 315,000 - 325,000 lbs. Models: -50, -60, -70 AVIONICS Function Quantity Models VOR Receiver 2 51RV2 DME 2 860E-2 Weather Radar 1 WXR700C Auto Pilot 1 SP30AL Flight Director 2 Z5 INSTRUMtENTS Function Pilot/Model Ciom/Model CoPilot/Model HSI 1 Sperry 1 Sperry RMI 1 Bendix - -1 Bendix CDI 0 -- -0 - PPI - 1 (Pedestal) - - Figur 2-7 Majer Air Carrer Typical Equ*lag for DC-8 2-10 3r M4anufacturer: Boeing Nuber in Population: 51 Number of Engines: 2-Jet Number in Sample: 19 Gross Wdeight: 312,000 lbs. Models: All AVIONICS Function Quanti ty Models VOR Receiver 2 RVA-36 DME 2 DME 700 Weather Radar 1 WXR 700 C Auto Pilot 3 FCS 700 Flight Director 3 P/0 AP FMS 2 FMS 944 INSTRUMENTS Function P11 ot/Model Common/Hodel CoPilot/Model HSI I EFIS - -1 EFIS RMI 1 ROMI 743 - -1 RDMI 743 CDI -- -- - CRT 1 - EFIS- Figure 2-8 Major Air uarrer Typica Equlpage for B.767 2-11 Manufacturer: Airbus Industrie Number in Population: 34 Number of Engines: 2 - Jet Nuber in Sample: 34 Gross Weight: 313,060 lbs. Models: A-300 AVIONICS FUNCTION QUANTITY MODELS VOR Receiver 2 51R-6/10A DI4E 2 860E-3/5 Weather Radar 2 ROR-IF Auto Pilot Not Available- Flight Director Not Available- INSTRU14NTS Function Pilot/Moidel Common/Model CoPilot/Model HSI1 1 Sperry - 1 Sperry R!41 1 Sperry - 1 Sperry CDI 0 - -0 PPI 1 PPI-1T - -1 PPI-1T Figure 2-9 Ma~r Air Carrer Typical Equipage for A-300 2.12 r 0 T I WII * _L.1 Manufacturer: Boeing. Nuber in Population: 15 Number of Engines: 2-Jet Number in Sample: 15 Gross Weight: 220,000 lbs. Models: 757-200 AVIONICS Function Quantity Models VOR Receiver 2 Bendix DME 2 Bendix Weather Radar 1 Bendix Auto Pilot Unknown Collins Flight Director Unknown P/O AP FMS 2 Sperry INSTRUMENTS Function Pi lot/Model Comon/Model CoP i lot/Model HSI I Collins EFIS - - I Collins EFIS RMI I RDMI-743 - - I RDMI-743 CDI . .. .. . CRT - - 1 Collins EFIS - - Figure 2-10 Major Air Carrier Typial Equlipage for B-757 2-13 CHAPTER THREE REGIONAL AIR CARRIERS 3.1 INTRODUCTION The Regional Airlines Association (RAA) is composed of commuter and large air taxi operations which typically supplement the major and national air carriers by feeding traffic to major hubs from smaller cities and rural airports. This type of operation usually requires smaller aircraft carrying anywhere from six to thirty passengers. These smaller aircraft are capable of operations from short runways. The RAA fleet is composed of all classes of aircraft from a single engine Piper Super Cub to the 4-Jet engine BA-146, and includes some aircraft typically found in the national air carrier fleets such as the DC-9, BAC 111 and F-28 jets. The top 25 regional air carriers, based on 1984 passenger enplanement data, account for 469 aircraft with the Cessna 402, Embrair EMB- I10 and Fairchild METRO III the dominant airframes. The Cessna 402 has eight seats, the EMB- 110 19, and the MERRO III 22. This passenger capacity is typical of the RAA operations. 3.2 DEVELOPMENT OF AVIONIC EQUIPAGE We expect the avionic equipage of RAA aircraft to be similar to that carried by the major and national air carriers since the aircraft operate under similar flight rules. However, where the latter carriers specify ARINC characteristic equipment for their fleets, the RAA fleets usually equip with either panel- mounted or remote-mounted avionics designed for the smaller aircraft. The diversity of avionics available to the regional air carriers, and the limited area of operation for each regional airline, affect the type and quantity of avionics in each aircraft. Moreover, because most carriers do not use ARINC characteristics, specific avionic models must be identified to determine the flight guidance capability associated with each aircraft. For this reason, we contacted each of the top 25 carriers and obtained data based on a large sample for each type of aircraft. 3-1 3.3 RAA AVIONIC EQUIPAGE The majority of RAA aircraft have the basic avionics needed for IFR flight plus other useful items such as radar, flight directors, and autopilots. However, many carriers do not include autopilot equipment because the average flight is short and does not require use of an autopilot; they thereby reduce the cost of certification and inspection of these systems. Area navigation (RNAV) equipment is typically not found on RAA aircraft, again because of the short flights. However, new generation aircraft, especially those that have the electronic displays (e.g., SF-340), or large aircraft suitable for longer flights (e.g., DHC-7) often include RNAV capability as part of the factory installed package. Table 3-1 presents the distribution of aircraft found within the 25 top regional air carriers. Figures 3-1 through 3-26 present the avionics equipage for these aircraft. These figures are arranged in the descending order of Table 3-1 and use generic terminology for model identification. Because of the similarity in avionic equipage among the carriers researched for similar aircraft types we expect that the remaining RAA aircraft will be similarly equipped for each aircraft type operated by RAA members. All aircraft reviewed were equipped with at least two navigation receivers (nine aircraft were found to carry a third receiver), 98 aircraft (2147s) were equipped with the dual DMEs, seven aircraft (207e) did not carry DMEs, and the rest had one DME. The DME equipment varied from panel- mounted to ARINC characteristic equipment, but the distinctions were not based on aircraft type. All but five aircraft were equipped with radar systems ranging from monochrome to digitized color radar. 3-2 Table 3-1 Top 25 RAA Aircraft - By Population In Use Aircraft Designation Manufacturer Population Sample Size Engines C-402 Cessna 52 18 2-Piston EMB-110 Bandeirante Embraer 51 38 2-TP SA-227 Metro III Fairchild Aircraft 44 44 2-TP SD 3.30 Shorts Short Brothers 36 36 2-TP SA-226 Metro II Fairchild Aircraft 34 34 2-TP SD 3-60 Shorts Short Brothers 32 32 2-TP DHC-6 Twin Otter DeHavilland 29 29 2-TP CV-580/640 Convair 29 26 2-TP DHC-7 Dash 7 DeHavilland 26 26 4-TP BE-99 Beech 23 23 2-TP BE-1900 Beech 18 18 2.TP F-27 Fokker B.V. 13 13 2-TP F-28 Fokker B.V. 12 12 2-Jet DC-3A McDonnell Douglas 12 12 2-Piston YS.11(A) * Nihon 9 9 2-TP G-159(C) Gulf Stream Aerospace 9 9 2-TP Mohawk 298 (NORD-262) Aerospatiale 8 8 2-TP BAe 146 British Aerospace 6 6 4-Jet BAC 111 British Aerospace 6 6 2-Jet 404 Martin G. Glen L Martin 6 6 2-Piston DC-9 McDonnell Douglas 5 5 2-Jet SF-340 Saab-Fairchild 3 3 2-TP BAe 31 Jetstream British Aerospace 2 2 2-TP HS-748 Hawkers British Aerospace 2 2 2-TP Citation 1 Cessna 1 1 2-Jet PA-18 Super Cub Piper 1 1 1-Piston TOTALS 469 419 3-3 Manufacturer: Cessna Number in Population: 52 Number of Engines: 2-Piston Number in Sample: 18 Gross Weight: 6,850 lbs. Models: 402, 402A, 402B, 402C 402 Business Liner (II) 402 Utiliner (II) AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAY - - 100 KX 175B, KN 53 DME - 100 - KN 65A, DME 63, KNS 80 ADF - 100 - KR 85, KR 87 RNAV 11 89 - KNS 80, KNS-81 Auto Pilot 6 94 - 400B Flight Director - - - - IFC -.... . Radar 11 89 - RDR 160, ART 161A INSTRUENTS Pilot CoPilot Function S of Sample/odel s S of Sample/Models HSI 94 KI 525A 11 KI 525A RMI 11 KI 229 11 KI 229 CDI 50 KI 209 17 KI 209 Figure 3-1 RegIioal Air Carrier Equipage for CESSNA 402 3-4 Manufacturer: Embraer Number in Population: 51 Nmber of Engines: 2-TP Number in Sample: 38 Gross Weight: 13,007 lbs. Models: P1/41 EMB-110 (PIA)(P141) (P2) (P2/41) Bandei rante AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV 100 KN-53, KX 175B, VIR-351, VIR 30A DME - 95 5 KN 63, KN 65, DME 40, DME 451 ADF - 97 3 KR 87, KR 85, 650A, 51Y-7 RNAV 53 47 - KNS 81, ANS 351 Auto Pilot 100 -... . Flight Director 100 -.... IFC 100 -... . Radar - 100 - WXR 200, RDR 130, RDR 160, RDR 1200 INSTRUMENTS Pilot CoPilot Function Z of Sample/Models Z of Sample/Models HSI 100 KI 525, AIM, 47 KI 525, AIM, 331A-3G 331A-3G RMI 95 KNI 582, 332 C-10, 42 KNI 582, 332 C-10, KNI 581 KNI 581 CDI 76 KI 204, RAI 303C 24 RAI 303C Figure 3-2 Reglonal Air Curler Equipage for EMB-110 BANDEIRANTE 3-5 Manufacturer: Fairchild Aircraft Corp. Number in Population: 44 Number of Engines: 2-TP Number in Sample: 44 Gross Weight: 14,500 lbs. Models: SA-227(AC) METRO III (A) Swearingen Merlin Metro II Similar Corp. versions are Merlin 4 (A)(C) AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAY - 100 VIR-30A, CN 2012 A DME - 100 - DME-40, DM 2031 ADF - 77 23 ADF-60, DF'2071 A RNAV 89 11 -NP 204/A, F-612 Auto Pilot - *---- Flight Director - *-- - IFC 82 18 -FDS-84 Radar - 100 -ART 23/A, ART 161A, RDR-160, RT-131A *Integrated Flight Control (IFC) Systems include autopilot and flight director capabilities. INSTRUM4ENTS Pilot copilot Function Z of Sample/Models % of Sample/Models HSI 100 HSI 84, IN 863, 73 IN 863, IN 881A, 331A-3F, IN 881A, 331A-3F, 331A-3G 331A-3G RMI 57 332C, RMI 30, 31337 39 332C, RMI 30, 31337 CDI 48 IN 2014A, Collins IN 2014A, Collins 51337 Fkgure 3-3 Reglomal Air Carrier Equipae for SA-227 METRO Ml 3-6 Manufacturer: Short Brothers Nuber in Population: 36 Number of Engines: 2-TP Number in Sample: 36 Gross Weight: 22,900 lbs. Models: SD 3-30 (-200) SHORTS Sherpa "VIONICS Zof Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 VIR-30 DME - 100 - DME-40 ADF - 100 - ADF-60A RNAV 100 - -- Auto Pilot - *--- Flight Director - *- FD0112 IFC - 100 - 913 KIA Radar - 100 - RDR 130/150/1100/1200 WXR 200A *Integrated Flight Control (IFC) Systems include autopilot and flight director capabilities. INSTRUMENTS Pilot copilot Function Z of Sample/Models Z of Sample/Models HSI 100 FD 112 87 HSI-70, 331A-3G RMI 100 RMI 36, 332 C-10 100 RMI-36, 332 C-10 CDI 0 - 0 - Figrm 34 Regoal AMr Carrie Equipige for SD 3-30 SHORTS 3-7 I-- r Manufacturer: Fairchild Aircraft Corp. Nuber in Population: 34 Nuber of Engines: 2-TP Number in Sample: 34 Gross Weight: 12,500 lbs. Models: SA-226 (TCO Metro, Corporate Versions Fairchild 300 Swearingen Merlin III & IV (A) AVIONICS Z of Sampl e Function None Single Dual Models NAV - 100 VIR-30, VIR-30A, KX-175B OME - 100 - KN65A, KN63, DME-40, KDM-706 ADF - 100 - ADF-60, ADF-60A, KR-85, KR-87, ADF-1 RNAV 100 - --- Auto Pilot 100 ----- Flight Director 41 59 -. FD-112V IFC 41 59 -913 KIA Radar - 100 -RD 160, RDR 231, RDR 232, PRIMUS 30 SIntegrated Flight Control (IFC) Systems include autopilot and flight director capabilities. Pilot Instr ume nts coit Function of Sample/Models Z of Sample/Models HSI 85 331A-3, HS1770 C 12 HSI 770 C, 331A-3G RMI 85 RMI 30, 3137 85 RMI 30, 3137, KI 229 CDI 15 KI 206 79 KI 206, KI 207, 331 H-3G Figure 3 5 R oul Air Car Equipage for SA-226 METO 1 3-8 Copoae esin Manufacturer: Short Brothers Number in Population: 32 Number of Engines: 2-TP Number in Sample: 32 Gross Weight: 26,000 lbs. Models: SD3-60 Shorts Tucano AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAY - - 100 VIR-30A DME - 13 87 DME-40 ADF - 100 - ADF-60A RNAV 100 -... . Auto Pilot - * - Flight Director - * - IFC - 100 - FGC-65 Radar - 100 - WXR 200, WXR 220, RDR 1200 * Integrated Flight Control (IFC) Systems include autopilot and flight director capabilities. INSTRUMENTS Pilot Copilot Function % of Sample/Models % of Smple/Models HSI 100 NSI 70 100 NSI 70 RMI 100 RMI 36 100 RMI 36 CDI 0 - 0 - Figure 3-6 Regional Air Carrier Equipage for SD 3-60 SHORTS 3-9 Manufacturer: DeHavilland Number in Population: 29 Nmber of Engines: 2-TP Number in Sample: 29 Gross Weight: 12,500 lbs. Models: DHC-6-200, DHC-6-300 Twin Otter AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAY - - 100 KRN 600A, VIR-30, VIR-351 DME 21 79 - DX 175, 1000 6A ADF 10 90 - DME 195, DME 40, DME 90, KN 65 RNAV 100 - - ADF 60, ADF 141, DF 200, OF 212C Auto Pilot 90 * .... Flight Director 90 * - IFC 90 10 - SPZ 200 Radar - 100 - WXR 200, RDR 1200, RDR 160, Primus 10 • Integrated Flight Control (IFC) Systems include autopilot and flight director capabilities. INSTRUMENTS Pilot CoPilot Function Z of Sample/Models S of Sample/Models HSI 41 332 AG3, 331A-3G, 28 KI 525A, RD 440 RD 440 RMI 66 RMI 30, 210G, 66 RMI 30, 210G, 332 C10 332 C10 CDI 21 KNI 520 72 IN 331, 331H-3G, KI 206, KNI 520 Figure 3-7 Reglomal Air Carrier Equlpap for DHC TWIN OTTER 3-10 Manufacturer: Convair Number in Population: 29 Number of Engines: 2-TP Number in Sample: 26 Gross Weight: est. 50,000 lbs. Models: 580s/600s/640s CV-240/-340/-440 Turbo Prop Conversion Convai r-Li ner Metropol itan AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAY - - 100 KN600, KNR634, RNA-26C 51X2, 51R1, 51RV-1, KNR-630 DME - 100 - KN-63, KDM 705A, KDM 706, 860E-2, SRU-7000 ADF - 100 - KR-85, KDF-805, KDF-806, 51Y-4 DFA-73 RNAY 100 - -.. Auto Pilot 92 8 0 Collins Flight Director 81 19 - FD-105 IFC - - - Radar - 100 - ART 161, RD 160, WXR 220A, AVA QIO INSTRUMENTS Pilot Copilot Function S of Sample/Models % of Sample/Models HSI 100 Collins, King 88 Collins, King RMI 1O0 KNI 582, IN-148T 100 KNI 582, IN-14BT CDI 15 KI 206, 329 P-1 15 KI 206, 329 P-1 F gure 3-4 Regional Ar Carrier Equlipage for CONVAIR 5M/600/640 3-11 Manufacturer: De Havilland Aircraft of Number in Population: 26 Canada, Ltd. Number of Engines: 4-TP Number in Sample: 26 Gross Weight: 44,000 lbs. Models: DHC-7 (100) DASH-7 Note: De Havilland now producing DASH-8' s AVIONICS % of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 VIR 31A, 51RV4 DME - - 100 DME 40 ADF - 19 81 ADF 61, DF-206, KDF-805 RNAV 50 - 50 DAC 7000 Auto Pilot 42 58 - SP 200 Flight Director - - 100 SPE 700 IFC - - Radar - - 100 Primus 40, Primus 400 INSTRUMENTS Pilot Copilot Function % of Sample/Models Z of Sample/Models HSI 100 RD 445, RD 550A 100 RD 445, RD 550A RMI 100 RH 445 100 RH 445 CDI 0 - 0 - Figure 3-9 Regional Air Carrier Equipage for DHC-7 DASH 7 3-12 Manufacturer: Beech Number in Population: 23 Number of Engines: 2-TP Number in Sample: 23 Gross Weight: 11,300 lbs. Models: 99, B99, C99 Beech-99 Airliner/ Commuter AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - 100 KN53, KNR 600, KN 170, KN 175 NAV-122, NAV-11 DME - 100 - KN 62, KN 65, KN 63, DNE 190, DME 195 ADF - 100 - KR-85, KR-87, T-12D, ADF-141 RNAV 100 - -.. Autopilot 100 - - Flight Director 100 - -. IFC 100 - -. Radar - 100 - RDR 130, RDR 160, PRIMUS 20 INSTRUMENTS Pilot Copilot Function % of Sample/Models % of Sample/Models HSI 22 331A3-G 22 331A3-G RMI 22 KI 229 0 CDI 78 KI 204, KI 209, 78 KI 204, KI 207, KI 209, KI 207, KI 214 KI 214, VOA-4, 5, 9 VOA-4, 5, 9 Figure 3-10 Regional Air Carrier Equipage for BEECH 99 3-13 Manufacturer: Beech Nuber in Population: 18 Number of Engines: 2-TP Nmber in Sample: 18 Gross Weight: 16,600 lbs. Models: 1900 Airliner AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAY - - 100 KN 53 (8 A/C have 3 units) DME - 100 - KN 63 ADF - 100 - KR 87 RNAY 100 - - - Auto Pilot 100 - - - Flight Director 100 - - - IFC 100 - - - Radar - 100 - RDR 160 INSTRUMENTS Pilot CoPilot Function % of Sample/Models Z of Sample/Models HSI 100 KI-525A, RD-450 100 KI-525A, 331A-3G RMI 56 7137, KI-229 56 7137, KI-229 CDI 44 KI 206 56 KI 206 Figure 3-11 Regional Air Carrier Equipage for BEECH 1900 3-14 Manufacturer: Fokker & Fairchild Indust. Number in Population: 13 Number of Engines: 2-TP Number in Sample: 13 Gross Weight: 45,900 lbs. Models: F-27 (A)(B)(J) Fokker F-27 Friendship Fairchild/Hiller Aircraft FH-227, FH-27 New Version Fokker 50 AVIONICS $ of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 51RV4, 51RVI, VIR-30 DME - 38 62 860E-4, 860E-5, DME-40 ADF 39 38 23 51Y7, 51Y3, 51Y4, ADF-30 RNAV 100 - -. Auto Pilot 69 31 - SEP 2, SP600 Flight Director 62 * - FD 109 IFC 62 23 15 FZ 500, SPZ-7000 Radar 8 92 - RDR 1300 * Integrated Flight Control (IFC) Systems include autopilot and flight director capabilities. INSTRUMENTS Pilot CoPilot Function Z of Sample/Models % of Sample/Models HSI 100 RD 650, 331A-3G, 100 RD 650A, 331A-3G, RD 444 RD 444 RMI 100 Sperry, Bendix 100 Sperry, Bendix CDI 0 - 0 - Figure 3.12 Regional Air Cawrier Equipage for F-27 FOKKER 3-15 Manufacturer: Fokker Number in Population: 12 Number of Engines: 2-Jet Number in Sample: 12 Gross Weight: 73,000 lbs. Models: F-28 MK 1000, MK 2000 MK 3000, MK 4000 New Version is Fokker 100 AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Model s NAV - - 100 KNR 6030, 51RV-4B DME - - 100 860 E-5 ADF - - 100 DF-206, 51V-7 RNAV 100 - - Auto Pilot - 100 - SEP-6 Flight Director - 100 - FD108 IFC 100 - - Radar - 100 - Primus 90, Bendix INSTRUMENTS Pilot Copilot Function Z of Sample/Models Z of Sample/Models HSI 100 HSI 45 100 HSI 45 RMI 100 C-14 100 C-14 CDI Figure 3-13 Regional Air Carrier Equipage for F-28 FOKKER 3-16 Manufacturer: McDonnell Douglas Number in Population: 12 Number of Engines: 2 Piston Number in Sample: 12 Gross Weight: 25,200 lbs. Models: Unknown, Versions of DC-3 (A) AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 51R-3, KX-175B DME - 100 - AVQ-75, KN-63, KN-65A ADF - 100 - T12-C, KR-85, R-30 RNAV 100 - - - Auto Pilot 100 - - - Flight Director 100 - - - IFC 100 - - - Radar 100 - - - INSTRUMENTS Pilot CoPilot Function S of Sample/Models % of Sample/Models HSI 17 0 RMI 0 0 CDI 100 .331A-2, 33 1A-5F, 100 331A-2, KT 206, 888 888, KT 206 Fiure 3-14 Regional Air Carrier Equlpage for DC-3(A) 3-17 Manufacturer: Nihon Aeroplane Manuf. Co. Number in Population: 9 Number of Engines: 2-TP Number in Sample: 9 Gross Weight: Nodels: YS-11, YS-11A* AVIONICS S of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 51RV-1, RNA-26C DME - 100 - 860E-1, 860E-214 ADF - - 100 60A, 51Y3, 51Y4, DFA-73A1 RNAV 100 ... Auto Pilot 33 66 - SPSOF Flight Director - 100 - Z-5, Z-14 IFC .... . . Radar - 100 - RDR-1E INSTRUMENTS Pilot Copilot Function S of Sample/Models % of Sample/Models HSI 100 Ri, MNR4A, 331A-3G 100 RI, MHR4A, 331A-3G iRMI 33 C-6A 33 C-6A SCDI 0 0 *Out of production, limited product support is available through Mi tsubi shi FiPre 3-15 Regioial Air Carder Equlpage for NIHON YS-11(A) 3-18 Manufacturer: Gulfstream Aerospace Number in Population: 9 Number of Engines: 2-TP Number in Sample: 9 Gross Weight: 36,000 lbs. Models: G-159, G-159C Gulfstream 1(C) G-1 AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAY - - 100 VIR-31A, VIR-30A,.51RV1 DME - 44 56 DME-40, KDF-705, 860E-2, AVQ-75, AVQ-85 ADF 11 - 89 KDF-8000, ADF-60, 51Y-4, 51Y-7A RNAV 89 11 - ANS-31 Auto Pilot 22 78 - AP 103, AP 105 Flight Director 67 33 - FD 108, FD 109 IFC 100 .... . . Radar - 100 - RDR 1201, WXR-200A, Primus 30 Primus 400 INSTRUMENTS Pilot Copilot Function S of Sample/Models % of Sample/Models HSI 89 Collins, Sperry 100 Collins, Sperry RMI 89 Collins 89 Collins CDI 0 - 0 - Fiure 3-16 Regloal Air Carrir Equ Ipp for G-159 GULFSTREAM I 3-19 Manufacturer: Aerospatiale Number in Population: 8 Number of Engines: 2-Piston Number in Sample: 8 Gross Weight: 23,370 lbs. Models: Nord 262 Conversion N-262 MOHAWK 298 AVIONICS N of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 VIR-30A OME - 100 - DME-40 ADF - 100 - ADF-60 RNAV 100 - - Auto Pilot 100 - - Flight Director - 100 - FD 112V IFC 100 - - Radar - 100 - Primus 40 INSTRUMENTS Pilot Copilot Function Z of SaplelModels S of Sample/Model s HSI 100 FD 112Y 100 FD 112V RMI 0 - 0 - CDI 0 - 0 - Flpre 3-17 Regoluul Air Carer Equpage for MOHAWK 298 (NORD 262 Con.) 3-20 Manufacturer: British Aerospace Number in Population: 6 Number of Engines: 4-Jet Number in Sample: 6 Gross Weight: 82,250/89,500 lbs. Models: BAe 146 (-100) (-200) AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 KNR 6030, 51R-4 DME - - 100 KDM-7000B, SRO-7000 ADF - 83 17 51Y-4, 51Y-7 RNAV 100 - - - - - Auto Pilot - * .. . . Flight Director - * - IFC - 100 - Smith 7405 UE 4-3 Radar - 100 - Primus 90 * Integrated Flight Control (IFC) Systems include autopilot and dlight director capabilities. INSTRUMENTS Pilot CoPilot Function Z of Smple/Models S of Sample/Models HSI 100 RD 700B 100 RD 700B RMI 100 DB 100 100 DB 100 CDI 0 0 Figure 3-18 Relomd Air Carder Equupagp for BAe 146 3-21 Manufacturer: British Aerospace Number in Population: 6 Number of Engines: 2-Jet Number in Sample: 6 Gross Weight: 78,500 lbs. Models: BAC-111 (400) (475) (500) One-eleven AVIONICS $ of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 51RV1 DME - - 100 860E-2 ADF - - 100 51Y-4 RNAV 100 - -. Auto Pilot - 100 - APt05, Elliot Flight Director - 17 83 FD108, 329 B-4A IFC - -.. Radar - 83 17 RDR-1E, Primus 90 INSTRUMENTS Pilot Copilot Function Z of Sam---/Model s Z of SamplelModel s HSI 83 331 AG 83 331 AG RMI 100 Bendix 100 Bendix CDI 17 331 A-4 17 331 A-4 Figure 3.19 Regiona Air Carrier Equilpa for BAC 111 ONE-ELEVEN 3-22 t" Manufacturer: Glen L. Martin Co. Number in Population: 6 Number of Engines: 2-Piston Radials Number in Sample: 6 Gross Weight: Estimated 45,000 lbs. Models: Martin 404's AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAY - - 100 51R-3 DME - 100 - 860E-2 ADF - - 100 MN62A RNAV 100 - - - Auto Pilot 100 - - - Flight Director 100 - - - IFC 100 - - - Radar - 100 - RDR-160 INSTRUMENTS Pilot Copilot Function Z of Sample/Models $ of Sample/Models HSI 0 0 RMI 100 Bendix 100 Bendix CDI 100 Bendix 100 Bendix FiRur 3.20 Regioul Air Carrier Equipage for MARTIN 404 3-23 Manufacturer: McDonnell Douglas Number in Population: 5 Number of Engines: 2-Jet Number in Sample: 5 Gross Weight: 121,000 lbs. Models: DC-9 Specifics Unknown AVIONICS % of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 SIRVl DME - - 100 860E-2 ADF - - 100 51Y4 RNAV 100 - -. Auto Pilot - 100 - SP5OA Flight Director - 100 - F0108, F9109, Z-500 IFC 100 - -. Radar - 100 - RDR-1E, Primus 90 INSTRUMENTS Pilot CoPilot Function % of Sample/Models Z of Sample/Models HSI 100 HZ-4, 329 B-7K, 100 HZ-4, 32 98-7K, 359-8C 359-8C RMI 100 C-6, Sperry 100 C-6, Sperry CDI 100 R-1, 331A-6D, 100 R-1, 331A-6D, 331A-6K 331A-6K Fipre 3-21 Regional Air Carrier Equipage for DC-9 3-24 Manufacturer: Saab-Fairchild Nmber in Population: 3 Number of Engines: 2-TP Nuber in Sample: 3 Gross Weight: 27,000 lbs. Models: SF-340 AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual models NAV - - 100 KNR-634 DME - - 100 KDM-706A ADF - 100 - KDF-806 RNAV (V-NAV) - 100 - VNI-80B Auto Pilot - * .... Flight Director - * - EFIS 86, FD-84 IFC - 100 -.. . Radar - 100 - WXT-200A * Integrated Flight Control (IFC) Systems include autopilot and flight director capabilities. INSTRUMENTS Pilot Copilot Function Z of Sample/Models Z of Sample/Models HSI 100 EFD 86 100 EFD 86, HSI-84 RMI 100 03337L 100 D3337L CDI 100 KI-204 0 - Figure 3-22 Reglioal Air Carder ]Equipage for SF-340 SAAB 3-25 Manufacturer: British Aerospace Number in Population: 2 Number of Engines: 2-TP Nuber in Sample: 2 Gross Weight: 15,210 lbs. Models: BAe 31, 3100, Jetstream 31 AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAY - - 100 VIR 32 DME - 100 - DME 42 ADF - 100 - ADF 60A RNAV 100 - - - Auto Pilot 100 - - - Flight Director 100 - - - IFC 100 - - - Radar - 100 - WXR 300 INSTRUMENTS Pilot Copilot Function Z of Sanple/Models Z of Sample/Models HSI 100 Sperry 100 Sperry RMI 100 RMI-36 100 RMI-36 CDI 0 - 0 - Figure 3-23 Reglomal Air Carrier Equlpage for BAe 31 JETSTREAM 3-26 Manufacturer: British Aerospace Number in Population: 2 Number of Engines: 2-TP Number in Sample: 2 Gross Weight: 46,500 lbs. Models: HS 748 hawkers AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual 'Models NAV - - 100 51RV4 DME - 100 - 860E-5 ADF - - 100 51Y7A RNAV 100 - - Auto Pilot - 100 -... Flight Director - 100 - FPZ-500 IFC 100 - - SPZ-500 Radar - 100 - RDR-1700 INSTRUMENTS Pilot Copilot Function Z of Sample/Models Z of Sample/Models HSI 100 RD 444 100 RD 444 RMI 100 AERO 3137 100 AERO 31/37 CDI 0 - 0 - Figure 3-24 Regional Air Carrier Equipage for HS 748 HAWKER 3-27 Manufacturer: Cessna Number in Population: I Number of Engines: 2-Jet Number in Sample: I Gross Weight: 11,850 lbs. Models: C-500 Citation 1 AVIONICS $ of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 VNS 41 DME - - 100 DMS 44 ADF - 100 - DFS 43 RNAY 100 - -. Auto Pilot - 100 - FG 570 Flight Director - - - FGS 70 IFC - 100 - FGS 70 Radar - 100 - RDS 82 INSTRUMENTS Pilot Copilot Function % of Sample/Models % of Sample/Models HSI 100 FGS 70 100 FGS 70 RMI 100 API 202 API 202 CDI 0 - 0 - Figure 3-25 Regional Air Carrier Equipage for CESSNA CITATION 1 3-28 Manufacturer: Piper Number in Population:1 Numnber of Engines: 1-Piston Number in Sample:1 Gross Weight: 1,750 lbs. Models: PA-18-150 Super Cub AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Model NAV - - 100+ 612, 825, 122 DME 100 - - ODF 100 - - RNAV 100 - - Auto Pilot 100 - - Flight Director 100 - - IFC 100 - - Radar 100 - - INSTRUMENTS Pilot copilot Function % of Sample/Models Z of Sample/Models HSI 100 DG 010 N/A RMI 0 - 0 - CDI 100 122 - - Figure 3-26 Regional Air Carrier Equipage for PIPERt SUPERt CUB 3-29 CHAPTER FOUR EXECUTIVE AIRCRAFT 4.1 INTRODUCTION Many corporations in the United States own and operate aircraft intended primarily for transporting executives at times most suited to their needs. These aircraft range from cabin class twin-engine piston aircraft to multi-engined jets. This section addresses the corporate jet fleet and limits the aircraft types to non-air carrier models to avoid duplication of data on aircraft which are similarly equipped. The aircraft considered are twin-engine jet except the Falcon-50, a three-engine jet, with corporate seating for 20 or fewer passengers. The Falcon-50 is the only three-engine jet aircraft in this seating category. The FAA General Aviation Activity and Avionic Survey report of 1983 identifies 3996 active turbojet aircraft in this category, which excludes large aircraft. 4.2 RESEARCH OF AVIONIC EQUIPAGE We found the avionic equipage of executive aircraft by reviewing airframe manufacturers' portfolios on recommended equipage, specifications for standard factory-installed equipment, used aircraft literature, and by asking avionic manufacturers about typical configurations for their products in the executive aircraft market. The results of the research are presented in the following section, grouped by aircraft models. The typical executive aircraft is well equipped with dual avionics, radar systems, and in many cases, area navigation capability using VOR/DME, Omega, or Loran-C. This study, however, only considers VOR/DME-based area navigation because it is now the only area navigation system approved for non-precision approaches. 4.3 EXECUTIVE AIRCRAFT AVIONIC EQUIPAGE The aircraft considered in this study are primarily those manufactured by Cessna, Gates, Sabreliner, Gulfstream, Dassault, British Aerospace, and Canadair. The aircraft populations are identified in Table 4-1. 4-1 These companies manufacture the majority of corporate jet aircraft used in the United States. Figures 4-1 through 4-10 show the typical avionic equipage for these aircraft based on either the standard avionics installed by the airframe manufacturer or the recommended equipage for the intended class of service. The avionic models shown in the figures are typical of the systems found in these aircraft. Other avionics manufacturer's equivalent equipment may be substituted without changing the capability of the avionic suite. The customer often adds on area navigation system for RNAV, either VOR/DME based, Omega/VLF, Loran-C, or inertial navigation depending on intended use of the aircraft. We have combined many models (e.g., Gates Learjet series) because of the similarity of avionics throughout the models. Where distinct variations occur (e.g., Dassault Falcons), each model is presented separately. Also, aircraft manufactured outside the U.S. (e.g., Dassault Falcon) are delivered without avionics and retrofitted to customer specifications at Dassault facilities in the U.S. Table 4-1 Executive Jet Aircraft Aircraft Type Manufacturer Population Sample Size LearJets Except 55 Gates Leariet 581 11 Lear 55's Gates Leariet 103 2 Falcon 10 Dassault-Breguet Unknown 6 Falcon 20 Dassault-Breguet 216 8 Falcon 50 Dassault-Breguet 82 Mfr Spec. Sabreliners Sabreliner Corp. 341 " HS 125 Hawker British Aerospace Unknown " Challenger CL6001601 Canadalr Limited " Gulfstrearn II Gulfstrearn Aerospace 250+ " Gulfstream III Gulfstream Aerospace 150 4-2 Manufacturer: Gates Learjet Number in Population: 581 Number of Engines: 2-Jet Nmber in Sample: 11 Gross Weight: 15,000 - 18,550 lbs. Models: 24,25,28,29,35A,36A AIONICS S of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAY - - 100 VIR 30 DME - 100 - DME 40 ADF 100 - ADF 60 RNAV * * Optional Auto Pilot - 100 - Jet FC-110, FC-200 Flight Director - 50 50 Sperry, Collins IFC 100 ... Radar - 100 -Collins, Sperry, Bendix INSTRU1JENTS Pilot Copilot Function % of Sample/Models Z of Sample/Models HSI 100 - 100 - RMI 100 - 100 - CDI 0 - 0 - Figure 4-1 Executive Jet Avionics Equipage for LEARJETS 4-3 Manufacturer: Gates Learjet Nuber in Population: 103 Number of Engines: 2-Jet Number in Sample: 2 Gross NeIght: 21,250 lbs. Models: 55, 55ER, *55LR AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAY - - 100 VIR 30 DME - 5o 50 DME 40 ADF - 50 50 ADF 60A RNAV - 100 - GNS SODA, AD 612 Auto Pilot - 100 - Jet FC-550 Flight Director - - 100 Sperry, Collins IFC 100 - -- - Radar - 100 - Primnus pilot INSTRU14ETS coit Function Z of Saupl c/Models Z of Sampl c/Model s HSI 100 Sperry, Collins 100 Sperry, Collins RMI 100 - 100 - CDI 0 - 0 - F~gur 442 Executive Jet Avionics Equipage for LEARt 55 4-4 Manufacturer: Dassault-Breguet Number in Population: UNK Number of Engines: 2-Jet Number in Sample: 6 Gross Weight: 18,740 lbs. Models: Falcon 10 Falcon 100 AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual, Models NAY - - 100 VIR 30 DME - 100 - DME 40 ADF - 100 - ADF 60 RNAV GNS 500 Auto Pilot - 100 - Flight Director - 100 - IFC 100 - - Radar - 100 - INSTRUMENTS Pilot CoPilot Function S of Sample/Models Z of Sample/Models HSI 100 Collins, Sperry 100 Collins, Sperry RMI 100 100 CDI Figure 4-3 Executive Jet Avionics Equipage for FALCON 10 4-5 Manufacturer: Dassault Number in Population: 216 Number of Engines: 2-Jet Number in Sample: 8 plus Mfgr. Gross Weight: 30,650 lbs. Models: Falcon C20, F20 Falcon 200 AVIONICS S of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 VIR 30 DME - - 100 DME 40 ADF - '100 - ADF 60A RNAV - 100 - GNS 500, LRN 85 Auto Pilot - 100 -... Flight Director - - 100 - - - IFC 100 - -. Radar - 100 - RDR 1200 INSTRUMENTS Pilot Copilot Function % of Saple/Models Z of Sample/Models HSI * * RMI 100 100 CDI • EFIS for 200, HSI for 20 iu 4-4 Eeeutlve Jet Avionics Equipage for FALCON 20 4-6 Manufacturer: Dassault-Breguet Number in Population: 82 Number of Engines: 3-Jet Number in Sample: Mfgr. Equipage Gross Weight: 38,800 lbs. Models: Falcon 50 AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 VIR-30 DME - - 100 DME-40 ADF - 100 - ADF-60A RNAV - 100 - VLF, LRN-85 Auto Pilot - 100 -... Flight Director - 100 -... IFC 100 - -. Radar - 100 - RDR-1200 INSTRUMENTS Pilot CoPilot Function S of Sample/Models Z of Sample/Models HSI 100 100 RMI 100 100 CDI 0 0 Filure 4-5 Exective Jet Avionlcs Equlpage for FALCON So 4-7 Manufacturer: Sabreliner Corp. Number in Population: 341 Nmber of Engines: 2-Jet Number in Sample: Mfgr. Equipage Gross Weight: 17,450 lbs. Models: 40(A)(R)(SE), 60, 65, 75(A) Saberl iner NA-265(-40)(-60) (-70)(-40A) NA-265-80 SABRE 75A AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAY - - 100 VIR 30 DME - - 100 DME 40 ADF - 100 - ADF 60A RNAV * * Optional LRN 85, GNS 500A LTN 72R Auto Pilot - 100 - Flight Director - 100 - IFC 100 - - Radar - 100 - WXR 300, Primus 400, RDR 1200 INSTRUMENTS Pilot Copilot Function Z of Sample/odels 2 of Sample/Models HSI 100 100 RMI 100 100 CDI 0 0 Figure 4-6 Executive Jet Avionics Equipage for SABRELINERS 4-8 Manufacturer: British Aerospace Number in Population: Unknown Number of Engines: 2-Jet Number in Sample: Mfgr. Equipage Gross Weight: 25,500 lbs. Models: Hawker Siddeley Beech BH-125 (-400A)(-600) DH-125 (-IA)(-3A)(-3AR) (-400) (-600) HS-125-700 BAe-125-700 (-800) AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAY - - 100 VIR 30 DME - 100 - OME 40 ADF - 100 - ADF 60 RNAV - *-*Optional Auto Pilot - 1*00 Flight Director - 100 - IFC 100 -- Radar - 100 - I NSTRUJMENTS Pilot copilot Function Z of Sample/Models % of Sample/Models HSI 100 100 RMI 100 100 CDI 0 0 Figure 4-7 Executive Jet Avionics Equipage for HS 125 HAWKER 4-9 Manufacturer: Canadair Number in Population: Limited Number of Engines: 2-Jet Number in Sample: Mfgr. Equipage Gross Weight: 41,250 - 41,800 lbs. Models: CL 600/601 Challenger AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 VIR 30 DME - - 100 DME 40 ADF - 100 - ADF 60A RNAV * * Optional RNAV, VLF Auto Pilot - 100 - SPZ 600 Flight Director - 100 - SPI 500 IFC 100 - -. Radar - 100 -... INSTRUMENTS Pilot Coilot Function S of Sample/Models Z of Sample/Models HSI 100 RD 650 100 RD 650 RMI 100 100 CDI 0 0 Figure 44 Executive Jet Avionics Equipage for CL 600/601 CHALLENGER 4-10 Manufacturer: Gulfstream Aerospace Number in Population: 250+ Number of Engines: 2-jet Number in Sample: Mfgr. Equipage Gross Weight: 39,100 Models: Gulfstream II (-B) AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 VIR 30 DME - - 100 DME 40 ADF - - 100 ADF 60 RNAV * * Optional RNAV, VLF Auto Pilot - 100 - Sperry, Collins Flight Director - - 100 Sperry, Collins IFC 100 - -. Radar - 100 - Sperry, Collins, Bendix I NSTRUMENTS Pilot Copilot Function S of Sample/Models Z of Sample/Models HSI 100 RD 650 100 RD 650 RMI 100 100 CDI 0 0 Figure 4-9 Executive Jet Avionics Equipage for GULFSTREAM U 4-11 Manufacturer: Gulfstream Number in Population: 150 Number of Engines: 2-Jet Number in Sample: Mfgr. Equipage Gross Weight: 68,700 Models: Gulfsteam III AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 DME - - 100 ADF - - 100 RNAV * * Optional RNAV, VLF Auto Pilot - 100 - SPZ 800 Flight Director - - 100 SPI 800 IFC 100 - - Radar - 100 - Primus 800 I NSTRUMENTS Pilot CoPilot Function Z of Sample/odels Z of Sample/Models HSI 100 100 RMI 100 100 CDI 0 0 • EFIS available (EDZ 800) Figure 4-10 Excutve Jet Avionics Equipage for GULFSTREAM I 4-12 CHAPTER FIVE GENERAL AVIATION AIRCRAFT 5.1 INTRODUCTION The general aviation group encompasses all'types of aircraft, including those typically found inI the air carrier group. However, for the purposes of this study, we limited the general aviation aircraft presented in this chapter to the twin-engine turboprop, twin-engine piston and the single engine aircraft suitable for IFR flight. We expect cabin class twin-engine aircraft typcially to be well equipped, exceeding the minimum required avionics for IFR operations. Systems typically found in these aircraft include autopilots, radar, flight directors, area navigation and integrated displays. The annual summary report "General Aviation Activity and Avionics Survey" estimates that these are 5037 active twin-engine turboprop and 24882 active twin-engine piston aircraft in the United States. Similarly, the report lists 164,173 active single engine aircraft. Of these groups we assumed all twin-engine aircraft to be IFR- equipped, and 50 percent of single engine aircraft to be IFR-equipped. These assumptions were based on a comparison of minimum recommended avionics for IFR operation and the statistics contained in the report on navigation equipage for these classes of aircraft. 5.2 DEVELOPMENT OF AVIONIC EQUIPAGE We have enough data from aircraft resale publications and avionic: manufacturers to identify the probable configuration of twin-engine aircraft, especially larger cabin-class twins. Therefore, we have compiled data for each aircraft type using several sources of information. Table 5-1 lists the aircraft that were evaluated, the estimated total population of each, the sample size researched, and the number manufactured since 1979. The latter is important because the newer craft have excellent avionics configurations; avionics manufacturers indicate that the majority of twin-engine aircraft built since 1979 are equipped with the manufacturers' recommended avionic: suites. The aircraft owner typically specifies the avionic manufacturer, panel or remote mounting, and the RNAV or radar system. Table 5-1 General Aviation Aircraft-Twin Engine Cabin Class Year End '84 Number in Aircraft Manufacturer Total Population Since 1979 Sample Turboprop 200 Super King Air Beech 1309 800 40 100 King Air Beech 384 83 11 90 King Air Beech 1659 525 45 425 Conquest I Cessna 196 196 15 441 Conquest II Cessna 332 254 10 Cheyenne I & II Piper 808 501 19 Cheyenne III Piper 108 108 8 Aero Commander Rockwell/Gulfstream Unknown 376 18 Piston 421 Golden Eagle Cessna 1899 392 17 414 Chancellor Cessna 1052 405 21 402 Cessna 1520 460 7 340 Cessna 1283 457 Mfr-Specs 303 Crusader Cessna 284 284 Mfr-Specs Mojave Piper 37 * 37 1 Navajo/Chieftain Piper 3827 1080 20 Aerostar 601-602 Piper 1004 420 10 B-60 Duke Beech 596 105 8 B55/58 Baron Beech 5711 1087 31 The light twins and single engine aircraft present a different problem in identifying typical equipage because of the diversity of available avionics, limitations of available panel space, and intended service of the aircraft. It is safe to assume that an IFR-equipped aircraft will have dual navigation receivers (or combined NAV/COM transceivers) with an ADF receiver and associated indicators. However, the indicators for navigation can be the integrated HSIs, which provide magnetic heading, glide slope deviation, and course deviation, and the radio magnetic indicator, which provides magnetic heading and dual radio bearings, or the less expensive and more popular combination of directional gyro's, ADF indicators, and CDIs that perform the same functions. Distance measuring equipment (DME) is becoming increasingly popular in smaller aircraft. However, DMEs are not mandatory for flight below 24,000 5-2 feet, where the majority of these aircraft fly. In trying to identify the probable equipage of these aircraft, we contacted the leading avionics manufacturers and obtained the total number of avionic units produced since 1970, by model number, year of introduction, and current status of the production. This information, together with the FAA avionic survey results, allowed us to estimate the probable configurations in the light-twin and single-engine aircraft. 5.3 GENERAL AVIATION AIRCRAFT AVIONIC EQUIPAGE The twin-engine turboprop aircraft included in this section are all manufactured in the United States and used for corporate, business, or private passenger transport. They are designed to accommodate two pilots, although many can be flown with one, depending on the service provided. They are typically very well equipped with remotely mounted avionics, integrated flight controls, area navigation equipment, and radar systems. Every aircraft researched was fitted with integrated functions displayed on an HSI for the pilot, and many provided HSI displays for the co-pilot. A large sample included long range capability such as Omega or Loran-C navigation and HF communications, which indicates that these aircraft occassionally operate outside the continental United States. Figures 5-1 through 5-8 present the equipage for turboprop twin-engine aircraft based on the samples used in the study. It is expected that the majority of the aircraft in the total population will be comparably equipped. The majority of twin-engine piston type aircraft evaluated are configured for single-pilot operation, with instruments on the left side of the panel only. The aircraft have dual navigation receivers, single DMEs and a single ADF. However, of the 134 aircraft evaluated, only 103 (or 77 percent) were equipped with an HSI on the pilot's side. The remainder used the less expensive combination of a directional gyro (DO) and separate CDI indicators. Review of the manufacturers' specifications for these aircraft showed that the DG configuration was the standard for the aircraft with ilSIs offered as additional cost options. Thirty seven (37) percent of the cabin class twins were equipped with area navigation equipment while seventy three (73) percent had weather radar capability ranging from monochrome to digitized color displays. Figures 5-9 through 5-18 present the results of the research for cabin class 5-3 Manufacturer: Beech Number in Population: 1309 Number of Engines: 2-TP Number Produced Since 1979: 800 Models: 200, B200 Number in Sample: 40 Super King Air AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 VIR-30, KNR-634, KFS-564 DME - 82 18 DME-40, KDM-706 ADF - 100 - ADF-60, KDF-806 RNAV 50 50 - KNC-610, AD-611, ANS-31 Auto Pilot - 32* - AP-105 Flight Director - 30* - FD-108 IFC - 68 - SPZ 200, STARS/SPI 400/500, KFC-300, FCS-80 Radar 30 70 - RDR-1200, RDR-1300, Primus * Integrated Flight'Control (IFC) Systems include autopilot and flight director capabilities. INSTRUMENTS Pilot Copilot Function ZSingle ZDual Models Single Zual Models HSI 100 - King,Collins, 100 - King,Collins, Sperry Sperry RMI 100 - 100 - CDI 0 - 0 - Figure 5-1 G.A. Turboprop Equipage for BEECH 200 SUPER KING AIRS 5-4 Aanufacturer: Beech Number in Population: 384 Nmber of Engines: 2-TP Number Produced Since 1979: 83 Models: 100, A100, B100, Number in Sample: 11 Beech 100 King Air AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 VIR-30, KNR-660, KNR-661 DME - 100 A DME-40, KDM-70S ADF - 100 - ADF-60, KDF-806 RNAV 45 55 - KNC-610, AD-611, ANS-31 Auto Pilot 27 9* - M4D, AP-105 Flight Director - * - IFC - 64 - SPZ 200A (Star IV), FCS-105 (FD-108/FD-109) Radar 27 73 - Primus, RDR-130, RDR-1200, 21 RDR-1300 • Integrated Flight Control (IFC) Systems include autopilot and flight director capabilities. INSTRUMENTS Pilot CoPilot Function %Single ZDual Models %Single ZDual Models HSI 100 - Collins,King, 100 - Collins,King, Sperry Sperry RMI 100 - 100 - CDI 0 - 0 - Figure 5-2 G.A. Turboprop Aviouli Equipage for BEECH 100 KING AIRS 5-5 Manufacturer: Beech Number in Population: 1659 Number of Engines: 2-TP Number Produced Since 1979: 524 Models: 90, A90, 890, Number in Sample: 45 C90, E90, F90 AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAY - - 100 VIR-30, KNR-634, KNR-665, KNR- 631, KNR-630 DME - 100 - DME-40, KDM-705, KDM-706 ADF - 100 - ADF-60, KDF-806 RNAV 53 47 - KNS-610, ANS-31, AD-611, ANS-351, 612 Auto Pilot 10 24* - H-14, M4D, AP-200 Flight Director - 10* - FD-108 IFC - 55 - SPZ 200A/STARS/SI, KFC-300, CENTURY IV Radar 24 76 - WXR-300, RDR-130, Primus, RDR-160, RDR-150, RDR-1300, AVQ-55, RDR-140, RDR-1200, AVQ-21, KWX-50, AVQ-20 * Integrated Flight Control (IFC) Systems include autopilot and flight director capabilities. INSTRU14NTS Pilot CoPilot Function Single ZDual Models ZSingle ZDual Models HSI 100 - Sperry,CenturylOO - Sperry,Century, Collins,King Collins,King RMI 100 - 100 - CDI 0 - 0 - Note: 9% of sample was equipped with panel mounted avionics (Collins, Microline and King Silver Crown) Figure 5-3 G.A. Turboprop Avionics Equipage for BEECH 90 KING AIRS 5-6 Manufacturer: Cessna Number in Population: 196 Number of Engines: 2-TP Number Produced Since 1979: 196 Models: 425 Conquest I Number in Sample: 15 AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 1048A DME - 100 - 1077 ADF - 100 - 1046 RNAV 67 33 - I00RNAV, 612, 616 Auto Pilot - 25* - 1000 AP, SP 200 Flight Director - 10* - SPI-400, Sperry RD-450 IFC - 55 10 1000 IFCS (FIS-70), (SPZ-500) Radar - 100 - WXR 300C, RDR-160 * Integrated Flight Control (IFC) Systems include autopilot and flight director capabilities. INSTRUMENTS Pilot Copilot Function %Single ZDfual Models ZSingle %Dual Models HSI 100 - 4 inch 20 - 3 inch RMI 100 - IN-404A 0 - CDI 100 - 0 - Figure 5-4 G.A. Turboprop Avionics Equipage CESSNA 425 CONQUEST I 5-7 Manufacturer: Cessna Number in Population: 332 Number of Engines: 2-TP Number Produced Since 1979: 254 Models: 441 Conquest Number in Sample: 10 441 Conquest II AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 1048A, VIR-32 DME - 80 20 1077B, DME-42 ADF - 100 - 1046A, ADF-60 RNAV 50 50 - 1079A, RNS-3500, Foster Auto Pilot - * .. . . Flight Director - * -- IFC - 100 - 1000 IFS (FIS-70), SPZ-500 Radar - 100 - RDR-160, RDR-230, RDR-1150, Primus 200, 300, WXR-200 • Integrated Flight Control (IFC) Systems include autopilot and flight director capabilities. INSTRUMENTS Pilot CoPilot Function ZSingle ZDual Models Single ZDual Models HSI 100 RD-450R 20 - PN-101 RMI 100 IN-404A, 0 - RMI-30, IN-1004B CDI 100 IND-31C 0 - Figure 5.5 G.A. Turboprop Avionics Equipage for CESSNA 441 CONQUEST !U 5-8 1b Manufacturer: Piper Number in Population: 808 Number of Engines: 2-TP Number Produced Since 1979: 501 Models: PA-31T1, PA-31TA, Number in Sample: 19 Cheyenne (I) PA-31T, PA-31T2 Cheyenne II (XL) AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models •NAV - - 100 VIR-30, KNR-634 DME - 84 16 DME-40, DME-451, KNS-80, KN-63, KDM-706 ADF - 100 - ADF-60A, KDF-806 RNAV 58 42 - KNS-80, ANS-351, ANS-31G Auto Pilot - 5* -.. M4D Flight Director - * . IFC - 95 - KFC-250, KFC-350, M4DFD, SPZ 200 (STARS) Radar 5 95 - RDR-1100, RDR-1200, RDR-230HP, RDR-160, RDR-150, Primus 300 • Integrated Flight Control (IFC) Systems include autopilot and flight director capabilities. INSTRUMENTS Pilot Copilot Function ZSingle ZDual Models %Single %Dual Models HSI 100 - 10 - RMI 100 - 5 - CDI 0 - 100 - Fiure 5-6 G.A. Turboprop Avionks Equlpae for PIPER CHEYENNE I & 11 5-9 Manufacturer: Piper Number in Population: 108 Number of Engines: 2-TP Number Produced Since 1979: 108 Models: PA-42-720, Nu r in Sample: 8 Cheyenne (A)(III) PA-42-1000 Cheyenne 400LS AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 VIR-30 DME - 100 - DME-40 ADF - 100 - ADF-60A RNAV - 100 - GNS-500 Autopilot - * - Flight Director - * - IFC - 100 - KFC-300, FCS-65 Radar - 100 - Primus 300, RDR 400 • Integrated Flight Control (IFC) Systems include autopilot and flight director capabilities. INSTRUMENTS Pilot Copilot Function %SingleZDual Models %Single IDual Models HSI 100 - 5" 25 - 4" RMI 100 - 12 - CDI 0 - 0 - Figure 5-7 G.A. Turboprop Avlonics Equipage for PIPER CHEYENNE I 5-10 Manufacturer: Rockwell/Gulfstream Number in Population: Unknown Aerospace Number Produced Since 1979: 376 Number of Engines: 2-TP Number in Sample: 18 Models: 680(Super) (E)(F)(FP)(FL) (FLP), 690 (A)(B)(C) Rockwell Commander 840, 900, 980, 1000 Commander AVIONICS % of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 VIR-30A, KNR-634, 665A DME - 100 - KDM-705, 706, DME-40 ADF - 100 - KOF-800 RNAV 94 6 - KNR-665, AD-612 Auto Pilot - 11* - H-14 Flight Director - 6* - FD-112 IFC - 89 - M4DFD, KFC-300, Spery, AP-106 (FD-112) Radar - 100 - Primus 40, 300, KWX-40, RDR-1200, 1300, WXR-300 * Integrated Flight Control (IFC) Systems include autopilot and flight director capabilities. INSTRUMENTS Pilot CoPilot Function $Single ZDual Models %SingleZDual Models HSI 100 100 RMI 100 0 CDI 0 0 Figure 54 G.A. Turboprop Avionics Equipage for ROCKWELL COMMANDERS 5-11 Manufacturer: Cessna Number in Population: 1899 Number of Engines: 2-Piston Number Produced Since 1979: 392 Models: 421, 421(A)(B)(C), Number in Sample: 17 Eagle I, II, III Golden Eagle AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - 100 400 Serices, 1000 Series, KNR-630, 665, NAV-824 DME - 100 - RTA-477A, 1077B, KDM-706, KN-63, DME-890 ADF - 100 - 1046A, 400, KDF-806 RNAV 65 35 - KNR-665, 800, RN-479A Auto Pilot - 29* - 400B, 800B Flight Director - * 0 - - - IFC 29 71 - 800B IFCS, KFC-200 Radar 29 71 - Primus 20, RDR-160, RDR-150 * Integrated Flight Control (IFC) Systems include autopilot and flight director capabilities. INSTRU14ENTS Pilot Copilot Function Single %Dual Models ZSingle %Dual Models HSI 82 - 0 - RMI 82 - 6 - CDI 82 18 6 - Figure 5-9 General Aviation Aviomics Equipage for CESSNA 421 GOLDEN EAGLE 5-12 Manufacturer: Cessna Number in Population: 1052 Number of Engines: 2-Piston Number Produced Since 1979: 405 models: 414, 414 II, Number in Sample: 21 414A Challenger AVIONICS $ of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 485B, VIr-351, 1048A DME - 90 10 RTA-477A, 451 ADF - 100 - 446A, 1046A RNAV 61 29 10 ANS-351, KNS-80, 400B Auto Pilot - 11* - 400B Flight Director - 11* - FD-112, IFC 11 89 - 400B IFCS, KFC-200, 800B, Century IV Radar 5 95 - AVQ-47, RDR-160, 130, Primus-200 * Integrated Flight Control (IFC) Systems include autopilot and flight director capabilities. INSTRUMENTS Pilot Copilot Function ISingle ZDual Models ZSingle ZDual Models HSI 100 - 0 - RMI 100 - 0 - CDI 100 - 0 0 Figure 510 General Aviadom Avionics Equipage for CESSNA 414 CHANCELLOR 5-13 Manufacturer: Cessna Number in Population: 1520 Number of Engines: 2-Piston Number Produced Since 1979: 460 Models: 402, 402A, 402B, Number in Sample: 7 402C Businessl iner 402C Utiliner AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 400 Series, Silver Crown, Microline DME - 100 - ADF - 100 - RNAV 86 14 - Auto Pilot - 86* - 400B Flight Director - * - IFC 86 14 - 400B IFCS Radar 57 43 - RDR-160 * Integrated Flight Control (IFC) Systems include autopilot and flight director capabilities. INSTRUMENTS Pilot CoPilot Function ZSingle ZDual Models Single ZDual Models HSI 57 - - 0 - - RMI 50 - - 0 - - CDI 57 43 - 0 - - Figure 5-11 General Aviation Avionics Equipap for CSNA 402 5-14 Manufacturer: Cessna Number in Population: 1283 Number of Engines: 2 Piston Number Produced Since 1979: 457 Models: 340, 340 II, 340A II Number in Sample: Mfgr. Specs. AVIONICS % of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 400 Series DME - 100 - 400 Series ADF - 100 - 400 Series RNAV - 100 - 400 Series Auto Pilot - 47* - 400B Flight Director - * .... IFC - 53 - 400B IFCS, 800B IFCS, FCS-810 Radar 30 70 - RDR-160 * Integrited Flight Control (IFC) Systems include autopilot and flight director capabilities. INSTRUMENTS Pilot Copilot Function Single ZDual Models ZSingle ZDual Models HSI 76 - 3 inch 0 RMI 76 - 400 or 1000 0 CDI 76 24 - 0 Figure 5-12 Geeral Aviation Avionics Equlpage for CESSNA 340 5-15 Manufacturer: Cessna Number in Population: 284 Nimber of Engines: 2-Piston Number Produced Since 1979: 284 Models: 303 Crusader Number in Sample: Mfgr. Specs. AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 400 Series DME - 100 - 1# ADF - 100 - RNAV - 100 - Auto Pilot - 53* - 400B Flight Director - * .... IFC - 47 - 400BIFCS Radar - 100 - RDR-160, KWX-56, Primus 100 • Integrated Flight Control (IFC) Systems include autopilot and flight director capabilities. INSTRUMENTS Pilot coPilot Function ZSingle %Dual Models ZSingle ZDual Models HSI 100 - 400 Series 0 RMI 50 - 0 CDI 100 - 0 Figure 5-13 General Aviation Avionics Equlpage for CESSNA 303 CRUSADER 5-16 Manufacturer: Piper Number in Population: 37 Numer of Engines: 2-Piston Nimber Produced Since 1979: 37 Models: PA-31P-350 Number in Sample: 1 Mojave AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 KN-53, KNS-81 DME - 100 - KN-63 ADF - 100 - KR-87 RNAV - 100 - KNS-81 Auto Pilot - * - Flight Director - * .... IFC - 100 - KFC-250 Radar - 100 - RDR-1150 • Integrated Flight Control (IFC) Systems include autopilot and flight director capabilities. INSTRUMENTS Pilot Copilot Function ZSingle ZDual Models %Single %Dual Models HSI 100 - 100 - RMI 100 - 100 - CDI 0 - 0 - Figure 5-14 General Aviation Avionics Equipage for PIPER MOJAVE 5-17 Manufacturer: Piper Number in Population: 3827 Number of Engines: 2-Piston Number Produced Since 1979: 1,080 Models: PA-31-310 Navajo Number in Sample: 20 PA-31-325 Navajo CR PA-31-350 Chiefian PA-31P-425 Pressurized Navajo AVIONICS % of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 Silver, Miero DME - 100 - ADF - 100 - RNAV 55 45 - KNS-80, KNS-81, ANS-531 Auto Pilot 5 10* - KAP-200, H-14 Flight Director - * - IFC - 85 - KFC-200, Piper Altimatic V Radar 15 85 - RDR-150, RDR-160 • Integrated Flight Control (IFC) Systems include autopilot and flight director capabilities. INSTRUMENTS Pilot Copilot Function Stnle ZDual Models ZSing1e ZDual Models HSI 90 - 0 - RMI 60 - 0 - CDI 90 10 10 - Figure 5-15 General Aviation Avionics Equipage for PIPER NAVAJO and CHIEFTAIN 5-18 Manufacturer: Piper Number in Population: 1004 Nmber of Engines: 2-Piston Number Produced Since 1979: 420 Models: PA-60-600 Aerostar 600 Number in Sample: 10 PA-60-601B Aerostar 601B PA-60(-601P) (-602P) (-700P) Pressurized Aerostar 601 AVIONICS S of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAY - - 100 KX-175, KN-53, VIR-351 DME - 100 - 195, KN-65A, DME-451 ADF - 100 - DR-85, KR-87 RNAV 60 40 - AD-500, KNS-81 Auto Pilot - 10* - Century, KAP- Flight Director - * .... IFC - 90 - Century IV, KFC-200, Century V Radar 20 80 - RDR-160, RDR-150, KWX-40 • Integrated Flight Control (IFC) Systems include autopilot and flight director capabilities. INSTRUMENTS Pilot Copilot Function ZSingle %Dual Models ZSingle ZDual Models HSI 90 - 0 RMI 90 - 0 CDI 90 10 0 Figure 5-16 General Aviation Avionics Equipage for PIPER AEROSTAR 5-19 Manufacturer: Beech Number in Population: 596 Number of Engines: 2-Piston Number Produced Since 1979: 105 Models: Duke 60, A60 Number in Sample: 8 Duke (A60) (B60) AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 VIR-351, KX-165, KX-175, KN-53 DME - 100 - KN-53 ADF - 100 - DME-251, KN-65, KN-63, VDI-4 RNAV 62 38 - KR-85, KR-87, ADF-650 Auto Pilot 13 13* -... Flight Director - * - IFC - 75 - Century III, Century IV, Century 41 Radar 25 75 RDR-130, RDR-160, AVQ-50, KWX-60 * Integrated Flight Control (IFC) Systems include autopilot and flight director capabilities. INSTRUMENTS Pilot Copilot Function ZSingle %Dual Models Single ZDual Models HSI 88 - PN-101,KI-525 12 - RMI 88 - KF-229,RMI-30 CDI 88 12 KI-206,IND-351 12 - Figure 5-17 General Aviation Avionics Equipage for BEECH 60 DUKE 5-20 Manufacturer: Beech Number in Population: 5711 Nimber of Engines: 2-Piston Number Produced Since 1979: 1087 Models: B-55, E-55, 58, 58P, Number in Sample: 31 58 TC, Baron AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 MK12, VIR-351, KX-175, KX-165, KN-53, VIR-350, 2000 DME - 100 - KN-65, KN-60, DME-451, 2000 ADF - 100 - KR-87, KR-85, 2000 RNAV 65 35 - ANS-351, KNS-81, KNS-80 Auto Pilot 16 19* - B-5, Century III, Flight Director - * .... IFC - 65 - KFC-200, Century IV Radar 61 39 - RDR-160, RDR-150, KWX-56 • Integrated Flight Control (IFC) Systems include autopilot and flight director capabilities. INSTRUMENTS Pilot Copilot Function ZSingle %Dual Models ZSingle IDual Models HSI 65 - KI-525, PN-101 0 RMI 14 - KI-229 0 CDI 65 35 VOA-3, VOA-9, 0 KI-206 Figure 5-18 General Aviation Avionics Equipage for BEECH 55 and 58 BARON 5-21 Table 5-2 General Aviation Navigation Avionics Manufactured Since 1970 Function Quantity Produced Navigation Receiver 324,860 Distance Measuring Equipment 92,949 Area Navigation 26,196 Auto Pilots 43,954 Flight Directors 28,202 HSI 48,201 AMI 23,545 CDI 253,683 twin-engine piston aircraft. The avionic models listed are typical of the equipment installed in these aircraft. Comparable equipment from other manufacturers will be found in the total population and will not change the capability provided by the avionics. We found a variety of indicators during the research. The models are not shown because of the number of different units involved. However, since this class of aircraft uses various standard panel and equipage configurations, the C]DI or RMI indicators are usually matched to the avionics and can be readily obtained from manufacturers' lists. Aircraft manufactured since 1979 are likely to be as well or better equipped than those in the limited sample. The light twin and single-engine aircraft equipped for IFR operations primarily use panel-mounted avionics with single pilot instrumentation. We contacted King Radio, Collins, Sperry, and Narco, the dominant manufacturers of avionics for this class of aircraft, and obtained the avionic productions quantities manufactured since 1970. Table 5-2 lists the totals for these manufacturers in the areas of interest. Combining the information in Table 5-2 with data contained in the FAA General Aviation Activity and Avionics Survey report shows potential aircraft equipage if we assume that a majority of 5-22 the avionics manufactured are installed in aircraft operating under IFR conditions. The FAA report shows 70,713 aircraft in the single and light twin category have flown IFR. The remaining active aircraft (i.e., 109,841) are predominantly in the 1-3 seat single engine and 4 or over seat single engine category. The majority (95 percent) of the active twin engine aircraft have flown IFR and therefore we assume they have the proper equipment for IFR flight. Figure 5-19 shows the probable equippage of the single- engine and light twin-engine aircraft based on the IFR population and manufacturers' production quantities. Because of the diversity and age of some avionics, the models are not shown on the figure. However, a listing of suitable avionics produced by the major manufacturers is included in Volume II of this report. Additional manufacturers also produce avionic systems suitable to this class of aircraft, but may not have surfaced in these limited samples of aircraft data. The units produced by these manufacturers would increase the probable equipage percentage for both IFR and non-IFR aircraft. 5-23 Manufacturer: Various Number in Population: 70,713 Number of Engines: 1 to 2 Piston AVIONICS S of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 OME - 85 - ADF - 100 - RNAV 80 20** - Auto Pilot 20 60* - Flight Director - * - IFC - 20 - Radar Unknown * Integrated Flight Control (IFC) Systems include autopilot and flight director capabilities. •* Does not include avionics manufactured by other companies such as Foster, leading manufactures of RNAV. INSTRUMENTS Pilot Copilot Function ZSingle ZDual Models Single ZDual Models HSI 30 - 0 1 - 0 CD 30 70 0 Figure 5-19 General Avistion Light Twin Engine and Single Engine Avionics Equipage 5-24 CHAPTER SIX ROTORCRAFT 6.1 INTRODUCTION The rotorcraft fleet in the United States is currently approaching 9,500 aircraft that are used for passenger transport, law enforcement, and cargo applications. Helicopters primarily operate at low altitudes and in areas normally not accessible by fixed wing aircraft. Because the ATC was developed to manage aircraft in terminal areas and enroute airspace, the ATC system does not generally serve low flying aircraft. For this reason, a majority of the current rotorcraft operate under VFR conditions. However, IFR rotorcraft must abide by the same rules as fixed wing aircraft and therefore have similar avionics as the fixed wing counterparts. Because this study focuses on aircraft which operate in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) in the terminal environment, we have concentrated our efforts on rotorcraft that are currently IFR-certified and contain navigation equipment suitable for advanced approaches. 6.2 DEVELOPMENT OF ROTORCRAFT AVIONIC EQUIPAGE TRIAD Engineering, Inc. under contract to RJO Enterprises, Inc. was tasked to develop the avionic suite common to IFR certified rotorcraft. Because of the dispersement of rotorcraft throughout the United States it was impossible to collect accurate data through contact with each owner. Therefore, TRAID had to talk with the airframe manufacturers and rotorcraft fleet operators and obtain their recommendations for avionic equipage. Sixteen manufacturers of rotorcraft account for 9450 units flying in the U.S. Eight of these manufacturers account for 88 percent of the total population and were selected for analysis in this study. Table 6-1 identifies these manufactures, the number of helicopters in the U.S. fleet, and the number of helicopters that are IFR-certified. On the basis of manufacturers' data at the time of rotorcraft delivery, 6-1 only seven percent of the population is IFR certified. Additional units could be IFR certified by companies involved in customizing and equipping helicopters after sale. We talked with two such companies and confirmed the concept of IFR equipage, but these companies did not maintain records on numbers or types involved. One company indicated an average of five helicopters retrofitted every year. Table 6-1 Helicopter Population in U.S. Fleet Number Manufacturer No. of Units IFR Certified* Aerospatiale 735 84 Agusta 45 40 Bell 4430 294 Boeing 3 3 Hiller 800 0 Hughes 1625 0 MBB 110 0 Sikorsky 600 160 TOTALS 8348 581 * Certification data based on manufacturers information at time of delivery 6.3 ROTORCRAFT AVIONIC EQUIPAGE The five rotorcraft manufacturers that offer IFR-certified units provided avionics equipage data for the aircraft in their inventory. Aerospatiale produces eight helicopter models that have been IFR- certified - three of these models have a very small percentage (i.e., less than four percent) of the helicopters certified, while the other five models are 100 percent IFR-certified. Data was available on six of the Aerospatiale models and is included in this study. Agusta manufactures two models, the majority of which are IFR certified. Bell Helicopters has five models certified for IFR operations: one model has five percent of its helicopters certified for IFR flight, the second has 70 percent, the third has 90 percent, the fourth has 95 percent and the fifth has 100 percent.Jft -i.:ww devwith er five percent 6-2 certified were included in this report. Boeing Vertol has delivered only three helicopters for use in the U.S. All are IFR certified and included in this study. Sikorsky's main civilian production helicopter is the S-76 which is used for off-shore oil exploration, corporate transportation, and commercial ap- plications. Most of the S-76 helicopters are IFR-certified.The Sikorsky S-61 and S-62 helicopters are predominantly flown VFR and are not included in the study. Table 6-2 shows the helicopter population by model number, manufacturer, use, and quantities in service that are IFR certified. Figures 6-1 through 6-14 identify the avionic equipage of each model based on the factory recommended or installed avionics at time of delivery. Modifications or additions by individuals or fleet operators after delivery are not known. Table 6-2 IFR Certified Rotorcraft Model Manufacturer Service Population 330 Puma Aerospatiale Commercial 15 332 Super Puma Aerospatiale Commercial 5 350 Astar Aerospatiale Commercial 7 355 Twin Star Aerospatiale Commercial 5 385 Daulphin II Aerospatlale Corporate 18 366 Daulphin II Aerospatiale USCG 12 109A & 109A-11 Agusta Corporate 40 212 Bell Commercial 119 214 ST Bell Commercial 20 222 Bell Commercial 71 412 Bell Commercial 54 234 Chinook Boeing Vertol Commercial/Oil 3 S-76 Sikorsky Corporate 51 S-76 Sikorsky Offshore Oil 86 TOTAL 506 6-3 Manufacturer: Aerospatiale Number in Population: 15 Type of Service: Commercial Number IFR Certified: 15 Model: 330 Puma AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 VIR-32 DME - - 100 DME-42 ADF - 100 - ADF-60 RNAV - 100 - Loran-C & RNAV Auto Pilot - 100 - SFIM AP 155P Flight Director - 100 - SFIM FDC 85 IFC - - - Radar - 100 - Primus 400 INSTRUMENTS Function Co-Pilot Models Pilot Models HSI 0 SFIM RMI SFIM 0 CDI Figure 6-1 IFR Rotorcraft Equipage for AEROSPATIALE 330 PUMA 6-4 Manufacturer: Aerospatiale Number in Population: 5 Type of Service: Commercial Number IFR Certified: 5 Model: 332 Super Puma AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAY - 100 VIR-32 DME - - 100 DME-42 ADF - 100 - ADF-60 RNAV - 100 - ANS-31 Auto Pilot - 100 - SFIM AP 155P Flight Director - 100 - FDC 85 IFC - - - Radar - 100 - Primus 400 INSTRUMENTS Function Co-Pilot Models Pilot Models HSI 0 SFIM RMI SFIM 0 CDI Figure 6-2 IFR Rotorcraft Equlpage for AEROSPATIALE 332L1 SUPER PUMA 6-5 Manufacturer: Aerospatiale Number in Population: 250 Type of Service: Commercial Number IFR Certified: 7 Model: 3500 ASTAR 350B Ecurevil AVIONICS % of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 VIR-351, KN-53 DME * *KNS-80 optional ADF - 100 - ADF-650, KR-87 RNAV - - - Auto Pilot - 100 - SP-711, PC-702 Flight Director - - - FZ-702 IFC - - - Radar 100 - - -- INSTRUMENTS Function Co-Pilot Models Pilot Models HSI 0 RD-550, KI-525A, 331A-36 RMI 0 - - - CDI 0 IND-350, KI-203 Figure 6-3 IFR Rotorcraft Equipage for AEROSPATIALE 350D A STAR 6-6 Manufacturer: Aerospatiale Number in Population: 162 Type of Service: Commercial Number IFR Certified: 5 Model: 355F2 Twin Star AVIONICS Z of Sample Function None Single Dual Models NAV - - 100 VIR-351, KN-53 DME - * - *KNS-80 optional ADF - 100 - ADF-650, KR-87 RNAV - * - KNS-80 optional Auto Pilot - 100 - SP-711, PC-702 Flight Director - 1