BADA - EUROCONTROL’s Base of Aircraft Data

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w BADA EUROCONTROL’s Base of Aircraft Data Angela Nuic BADA Product manager What is BADA? • Aircraft performance model designed for ATM applications • Enables modeling and simulation of aircraft performance under diverse operational conditions • Supports a wide range of ATM domains and applications, including: • Research & Development • Aviation sustainability • Operational use • Education and training BADA Aircraft ‘Digital Twin’ • Physics-based model: • Estimates the forces applying to the aircraft • Applies a Total Energy Model: • Dynamic model: reacts to changes in speed, throttle, altitude, temperature… dt dV mV dt dh mg V D) - (Thr TAS TAS 0 TAS + = ⋅ rate of work rate of change in energy climb/descend acc/dec Data source for BADA aircraft models development • Aircraft manufacturers’ performance data, including: • Aircraft flight and operating manuals • Detailed outputs from aircraft performance software • Over 30 years of partnership with aircraft manufacturers to develop and maintain BADA • EUROCONTROL’s strong commitment to ensuring secure access to commercially sensitive data through the BADA licensing framework Modelling process: Physics-guided ML AC_ID t [min] Hp [ft] r [NM] m [Kg] ROC [fpm] 0.0 1500 0 208700 3631 0.1 2000 0.7 208656 3626 0.4 3000 2.2 208569 3549 0.7 4000 3.7 208482 3462 1.0 5000 5.3 208395 3384 1.3 6000 7.0 208307 3310 1.6 7000 8.7 208220 3236 …. … … … … 23.9 42000 165.7 204947 272 ESF mg ,...) a , D(a ,...) a , T(a v dt dh 11 10 2 1 − = Model Identification (Machine Learning) ,...) a , F(a dt dm 21 20 − = Observed values from reference data Predicted values based on BADA model for Thrust, Drag & Fuel Reference dataset ( ) ∑=       − − = n i i i i i i i i h ESF g m v D T h SSE 1 2 . n SSE RMS = ∑=     + = n i i i m F m SSE 1 2 . . Optimization objectives (metrics) AC_ID OPF {a 1, a 2, …} RMS1=72.3 RMS2=45.2 RMS3=81.5 … Model Instance Accuracy figures 310/0.84 ISA+10 208700 kg Labels: • ROCD to identify drag and thrust models • Fuel flow to identify fuel model Features BADA APM families BADA 3 BADA 4 • Today’s standard aircraft performance model • Meets requirements for aircraft performance modelling and simulation over nominal part of flight envelope • Newly developed aircraft performance model • Provides increased accuracy across the entire flight envelope BADA H Helicopter APM 100% of ECAC IFR operations 264 (95%) models + 1641 (5%) synonyms 84.5% of ECAC IFR operations 126 models 96% of ECAC IFR operations 26 models (1995) (2012) (2019) Production: BADA releases New aircraft models Revised models New capabilities BADA 3 BADA 4 BADA H Model families Release content Some recent models • Airliners: Airbus A320/321/330neo & A350-1000, Boeing 737MAX & 787-10, Embraer 190E2… • Business jets: Cessna Longitude, Cirrus VisionJet, Embraer Legacy 450/500, HondaJet, Learjet 75… Some recent models • General aviation: Diamond DA50, Van’s RV-14, Pipistrel Velis Electro… • RPAS: RQ-4 Global Hawk, MQ-9 Reaper, Leonardo Falco, Piaggio Hammerhead… Innovation: Recent projects • DELOREAN: eVTOL aircraft for Urban Air Mobility • AZEA: zero-emission aircraft • IMOTHEP: hybrid electric aircraft • Higher Airspace Operations: • ECHO2: High Altitude Platform Systems (Zephyr, Skydweller) • Space vehicles (Virgin Galactic, Dream Chaser) Concluding remarks • BADA’s Growing Impact • 25% of use cases now related to environmental (ENV) applications and this share is growing • Collaborative Development with aircraft manufacturers • ensures that BADA remains the reference model for aircraft performance guaranteeing access to high-quality, reliable data • Continuous Improvement • Aircraft coverage and accuracy • Regulated, Yet Accessible • BADA is free to use, its distribution is regulated through a license agreement to protect the interests of data providers. Continuously working with manufacturers to extend coverage and enable new models in the future • Forward-Looking • EUROCONTROL is committed to supporting new and emerging needs in ATM and environmental assessment, working closely with stakeholders to ensure the model evolves in line with industry requirements Web sites and contacts • BADA product page: https://www.eurocontrol.int/model/bada • BADA user interface: https://ext.eurocontrol.int/bada/ • BADA support team: eih.bada@eurocontrol.int • Product manager: angela.nuic@eurocontrol.int 12 “Remember that all models are wrong, but some of them are useful.” Mathematician George E. P. Box BADA model highlights 13 w Thank you!