14 CFR Part 194 — Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 120—Powered-Lift: Pilot Certification and Training; Operations Requirements

SUBCHAPTER L—OTHER SPECIAL FEDERAL AVIATION

REGULATIONS

tificate with a powered-lift category rat-

PART 194—SPECIAL FEDERAL AVIA-

ing.

TION REGULATION NO. 120—

194.223 Pilots receiving training under an

POWERED-LIFT: PILOT CERTIFI-

approved training program: Alternate re-

CATION AND TRAINING; OPER- quirements for a commercial pilot cer-

tificate with a powered-lift category rat-

ATIONS REQUIREMENTS

ing.

194.225 Test pilots, FAA test pilots, and Subpart A—General aviation safety inspectors: Alternate aeronautical experience and logging re- Sec.

quirements for an instrument-powered- 194.101 Applicability.

lift rating.

194.103 Definitions.

194.227 Instructor pilots: Alternate aero- 194.105 Qualification of powered-Lift nautical experience and logging require- FSTDs.

ments for an instrument-powered-lift 194.107 Expiration.

rating.

194.109 Incorporation by reference.

194.229 Initial cadre of instructors: Alter- nate aeronautical experience and logging Subpart B—Certification, Training, and requirements for an instrument-powered- Qualification Requirements for Pilots lift rating.

and Flight Instructors 194.231 Pilots receiving training under an approved training program: Alternate re- 194.201 Alternate definition of cross-country quirements for an instrument-powered- time.

lift rating.

194.203 Alternate qualification requirements 194.233 Alternate means to satisfy the cross- for certain flight instructors.

country aeronautical experience require- 194.205 Limitations on flight training privi- ments for a commercial pilot certificate leges for holders of airline transport with a powered-lift category rating.

pilot certificates under a part 135 of this 194.235 Alternate means to satisfy the cross- chapter approved training program.

country aeronautical experience require- 194.207 Alternate requirement for practical ments for an instrument-powered-lift tests and training in a powered-lift.

rating.

194.209 Additional qualification require- 194.237 Alternate means to satisfy the cross- ments for certain pilots serving as sec- country aeronautical experience require- ond-in-command.

ments for a private pilot certificate with 194.211 Alternate eligibility requirements a powered-lift category rating.

for a person seeking a powered-lift type 194.239 Alternate means to satisfy minimum rating.

curriculum content in certain appendices 194.213 Alternate endorsement requirements to part 141 of this chapter.

for certain persons seeking a powered-lift 194.241 Alternate qualification requirements rating.

for chief instructors, assistant chief in- 194.215 Applicability of alternate aero- structors, and check instructors.

nautical experience and logging require- 194.243 Pilot certification through comple- ments for commercial pilot certification tion of training, testing, and checking and a powered-lift instrument rating.

under part 135 of this chapter.

194.216 Alternate aeronautical experience: 194.245 Pilot qualification and program Pilot-in-command flight time in a pow- management requirements to operate ered-lift for a commercial pilot certifi- powered-lift under subpart K to part 91 of cate with a powered-lift category rating.

this chapter.

194.217 Test pilots, FAA test pilots, or avia- tion safety inspectors: Alternate aero- 194.247 Pilot qualification requirements to nautical experience and logging require- operate powered-lift under part 135 of ments for a commercial pilot certificate this chapter.

with a powered-lift category rating. 194.249 References to class in parts 135, 141, and 142 of this chapter.

194.219 Instructor pilots: Alternate aero- nautical experience and logging require- 194.251 Alternate means to satisfy minimum ments for a commercial pilot certificate curriculum content in training courses with a powered-lift category rating. under part 142 of this chapter.

194.221 Initial cadre of instructors: Alter- 194.253 Alternate requirements for powered- nate aeronautical experience and logging lift without fully functional dual con- requirements for a commercial pilot cer- trols used in flight training.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00927 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 194.101 194.255 Alternate requirements for powered- Subpart A—General lift without fully functioning dual con- trols used in supervised operating experi- § 194.101 Applicability.

ence when adding a type rating.

(a) The Special Federal Aviation Regulation (SFAR) in this part pre- Subpart C—Requirements for Persons scribes: Operating Powered-Lift (1) Certain requirements that may be 194.301 Applicability. satisfied in lieu of the requirements of 194.302 Provisions under part 91 of this part 61 of this chapter for persons seek- chapter applicable to powered-lift.

ing a powered-lift pilot certificate and 194.303 IFR takeoff, approach, and landing rating, the conditions under which minimums.

those certificates and ratings are nec- 194.304 ATC transponder and altitude re- essary, and the privileges and limita- porting equipment and use.

tions of those certificates and ratings; 194.305 Applicability of copter procedures (2) The general operating rules appli- under part 97 of this chapter to powered- cable to all persons operating powered- lift.

lift, including those an operator must 194.306 Provisions under part 135 of this meet to conduct powered-lift oper- chapter applicable to powered-lift.

ations under parts 91, 135, and 136 of 194.307 Applicability of rules for eligible on- this chapter; demand operations.

(3) The requirements for persons con- 194.308 Applicability of national air tour ducting training, testing, and checking safety standards under part 136 of this utilizing a powered-lift or flight sim- chapter to powered-lift.

ulation training device (FSTD) rep- 194.309 Applicability of flight instruction; resenting a powered-lift under parts simulated instrument flight.

135, 141, and 142 of this chapter; and 194.310 Powered-lift in vertical-lift flight (4) The requirements for persons con- mode, flight recorder specifications ducting maintenance, preventative under part 91 of this chapter.

maintenance, rebuilds, alterations, or 194.311 Powered-lift in wing-borne flight inspections on powered-lift pursuant to mode, flight recorder specifications under part 91 of this chapter. part 43 of this chapter.

194.312 Powered-lift in vertical-lift flight (b) In addition to the requirements in mode, flight recorder specifications this part, the following parts continue under part 135 of this chapter.

to apply to those persons described in 194.313 Powered-lift in wing-borne flight paragraph (a) of this section unless mode, flight recorder specification under otherwise specified in this part: parts part 135 of this chapter.

43, 60, 61, 91, 97, 135, 136, 141, and 142 of this chapter.

Subpart D—Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, Rebuilding, and Alter- § 194.103 Definitions.

ation Requirements for Powered-Lift For the purpose of this part: Under Part 43 of This Chapter Aviation Safety Inspector means a pilot employed by the FAA to conduct 194.401 Applicability.

operations of a powered-lift for the pur- 194.402 Maintenance provisions.

pose of establishing a type rating in A PPENDIX A TO P ART 194—M INIMUM R EQUIRE - that particular powered-lift under part MENTS FOR A P ILOT T RAINING P ROGRAM IN 21 of this chapter, as appropriate.

A P OWERED -L IFT O RIGINALLY T YPE C ER - Extended over-water operation means a TIFICATED OR S EEKING T YPE C ERTIFI - powered-lift operation over water at a CATION W ITH O NE S ET OF C ONTROLS AND A horizontal distance of more than 50 S INGLE P ILOT S TATION nautical miles from the nearest shore- A UTHORITY : 42 U.S.C. 7572; 49 U.S.C. 106(f), line and more than 50 nautical miles 40113, 44701–44705, 44707, 44712, 44713, 44715, from an off-shore heliport structure 44716, and 44722; Sec. 955 of Pub. L. 118–63.

under part 91 or 135 of this chapter.

S OURCE : Docket FAA–2023–1275, Amdt. 194– FAA test pilot means a pilot employed 1, 89 FR 92489, Nov. 21, 2024, unless otherwise by the FAA to conduct operations of a noted.

powered-lift for the purpose of FAA ex- amination or inspection of a type de- sign for which an application for type VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00928 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 194.109 certification has been submitted under may find provide an equivalent level of part 21 of this chapter. safety to those FSTD qualification Heliport means an area of land, water, standards.

or structure used or intended to be (b) Proposed qualification perform- used for the landing and takeoff of heli- ance standards as set forth by para- copters and powered-lift. graph (a) of this section will be pub- Instructor pilot means a pilot em- lished in the F EDERAL R EGISTER for ployed or used by a manufacturer of a comment, except when the FAA con- powered-lift to conduct operations of siders public notice to be unnecessary the powered-lift for the purpose of de- because previous opportunities to com- veloping a proposed training cur- ment on substantially identical pro- riculum and providing crew training. posed qualification performance stand- Manufacturer means any person who ards have been provided. In these in- holds, or is an applicant for, a type or stances, FAA will provide personal no- production certificate for an aircraft. tice and opportunity for comment.

An amateur builder under § 21.191(g) of § 194.107 Expiration.

this chapter, builder of a kit aircraft under § 21.191(h) of this chapter, or the This part, consisting of Special Fed- holder of a restricted category type eral Aviation Regulation (SFAR) No.

certificate are not considered manufac- 120, will remain in effect until January turers for the purpose of this part. 21, 2035.

Test pilot means a pilot employed or § 194.109 Incorporation by reference.

used by a manufacturer of a powered- lift to conduct operations of the pow- Certain material is incorporated by ered-lift for the purpose of research and reference into this part with the ap- development and showing compliance proval of the Director of the Federal with this chapter.

Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 Vertical-lift flight mode means a mode CFR part 51. All approved incorpora- of flight where a powered-lift: tion by reference (IBR) material is (1) Is in a configuration that allows available for inspection at the FAA and vertical takeoff, vertical landing, and at the National Archives and Records low-speed flight; and Administration (NARA). Contact the (2) Depends principally on engine- FAA’s Office of Rulemaking, 800 Inde- driven lift devices or engine thrust for pendence Avenue SW, Washington, DC lift.

20590; phone: (202) 267–9677. For infor- Wing-borne flight mode means a mode mation on the availability of this ma- of flight where a powered-lift is not op- terial at NARA, visit www.archives.gov/ erating in the vertical-lift flight mode federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html or as defined and depends exclusively or email fr.inspection@nara.gov. The mate- partially on nonrotating airfoil(s) for rial may be obtained from the sources lift during takeoff, landing, or hori- in the following paragraphs: zontal flight.

(a) RTCA, Inc., 1150 18th St. NW, Suite 910, Washington, DC 20036; phone: § 194.105 Qualification of powered-lift (202) 833–9339; website: www.rtca.org/ FSTDs.

products.

(a) For flight simulation training de- (1) Section 2 of RTCA DO–309, Min- vices (FSTDs) representing powered- imum Operational Performance Stand- lift for which qualification standards ards (MOPS) for Helicopter Terrain have not been issued under part 60 of Awareness and Warning System this chapter, the applicable require- (HTAWS) Airborne Equipment (Mar. 13, ments will be the portions of the flight 2008); into §§ 194.302; 194.306.

simulation training device qualifica- (2) [Reserved] tion performance standards contained (b) U.S. Department of Transpor- in appendices A through D to part 60 of tation, Subsequent Distribution Office, this chapter that are found by the Ad- DOT Warehouse M30, Ardmore East ministrator to be appropriate for the Business Center, 3341 Q 75th Avenue, powered-lift and applicable to a spe- Landover, MD 20785; phone (301) 322– cific type design, or such FSTD quali- 5377; website: www.faa.gov/aircraft/ fication criteria as the Administrator air l cert/design l approvals/tso/ (select VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00929 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 194.201 the link ‘‘Search Technical Standard (b) Flight instructors under part 135 of Orders’’). this chapter. Notwithstanding the re- (1) TSO–C194, Technical Standard quirement in § 61.3(d)(3)(ii) of this chap- Order: Helicopter Terrain Awareness ter, a person must hold a flight in- and Warning System, effective Dec. 17, structor certificate with the appro- priate powered-lift ratings to conduct 2008; into §§ 194.302; 194.306.

training in accordance with a training (2) [Reserved] curriculum approved to meet the re- quirements of § 194.243(a)(1).

Subpart B—Certification, Training, and Qualification Require- § 194.205 Limitations on flight training ments for Pilots and Flight In- privileges for holders of airline transport pilot certificates under a structors part 135 of this chapter approved training program.

§ 194.201 Alternate definition of cross- country time. Notwithstanding the privileges in § 61.167(a)(2) of this chapter, a person Notwithstanding the cross-country who holds an airline transport pilot time definitions in § 61.1(b) of this chap- certificate with powered-lift ratings ter, a person may log flight time in a must hold a flight instructor certifi- powered-lift as cross-country time pro- cate with the appropriate powered-lift vided the time was acquired during a ratings to instruct pilots in accordance flight— with a training curriculum approved to (a) That includes a point of landing meet the requirements of § 194.243(a)(1).

that was at least a straight-line dis- tance of more than 25 nautical miles § 194.207 Alternate requirement for from the original point of departure; practical tests and training in a and powered-lift.

(b) That involves the use of dead (a) Required equipment for the practical reckoning, pilotage, electronic naviga- test. Notwithstanding the equipment tion aids, radio aids, or other naviga- requirement in § 61.45(b)(1)(ii) of this tion systems to navigate to the landing chapter and the limitation specified in point.

§ 61.45(b)(2) of this chapter, an applicant for a certificate or rating may use a § 194.203 Alternate qualification re- powered-lift that is precluded from per- quirements for certain flight in- forming all of the tasks required for structors.

the practical test without receiving a (a) Instructor pilots at a manufacturer.

limitation on the applicant’s certifi- In addition to the provisions specified cate or rating, as appropriate.

in § 61.3(d)(3) of this chapter, a flight in- (b) Waiver authority for a practical test structor certificate issued under part conducted in a powered-lift. An Exam- 61 of this chapter is not necessary to iner who conducts a practical test in a conduct flight training if the training powered-lift may waive any task for is given by an instructor pilot in a which the FAA has provided waiver au- powered-lift at the manufacturer, pro- thority.

vided the training is conducted in ac- (c) Flight training on waived tasks.

cordance with the manufacturer’s Notwithstanding the requirements in training curriculum and is given to ei- §§ 61.107(a) and 61.127(a) of this chapter ther— for training to include the areas of op- (1) A test pilot; eration listed in § 61.107(b)(5) or (2) A person authorized by the Ad- § 61.127(b)(5) of this chapter, as applica- ministrator to serve as an initial check ble, an applicant seeking a private pilot, chief instructor, assistant chief pilot certificate or commercial pilot instructor, or training center evaluator certificate with a powered-lift category for the purpose of initiating training in rating concurrently with a powered-lift a powered-lift under an approved train- type rating is not required to receive ing program under part 135, 141, or 142 and log flight training on a task speci- of this chapter, as appropriate; or fied in an area of operation if the pow- (3) An FAA test pilot or aviation ered-lift is not capable of performing safety inspector. the task, provided the FAA has issued VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00930 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 194.211 waiver authority for that task in ac- § 194.211 Alternate eligibility require- cordance with paragraph (b) of this sec- ments for a person seeking a pow- ered-lift type rating.

tion.

(a) General applicability. The require- § 194.209 Additional qualification re- ments specified in paragraphs (b) and quirements for certain pilots serv- (c) of this section apply only to persons ing as second-in-command.

seeking a type rating in a powered-lift that is capable of performing instru- (a) A person who obtains at least a ment maneuvers and procedures.

private pilot certificate with a pow- (b) Obtaining an initial powered-lift ered-lift category rating by satisfac- type rating without concurrently obtain- torily completing the practical test in ing the instrument-powered-lift rating. (1) a powered-lift that is precluded from Notwithstanding the requirement to performing each task required by hold or concurrently obtain an appro- § 61.43(a)(1) of this chapter may not priate instrument rating in § 61.63(d)(1) serve as second-in-command of a pow- of this chapter, a person who applies ered-lift that is capable of performing for an initial powered-lift type rating the tasks that were waived on the per- to be completed concurrently with a son’s practical test until the person powered-lift category rating may apply has— for the type rating without holding or (1) Received and logged ground and concurrently obtaining a powered-lift flight training from an authorized in- instrument rating, but the type rating structor on the specific tasks that were will be limited to ‘‘visual flight rules waived on the person’s practical test; (VFR) only.’’ and (2) Notwithstanding the requirement (2) Received a logbook or training in § 61.63(d)(4) of this chapter, a person record endorsement from an authorized who applies for a powered-lift type rat- ing pursuant to paragraph (b)(1) of this instructor certifying the person has section is not required to perform the satisfactorily demonstrated pro- type rating practical test in actual or ficiency of those tasks.

simulated instrument conditions.

(b) The training and endorsement re- (3) Except as specified in paragraph quired by paragraph (a) of this section (b)(6) of this section, a person who ob- are not required if, prior to serving as tains a powered-lift type rating with a second-in-command, a person meets ‘‘VFR only’’ limitation pursuant to one of the following requirements— paragraph (b)(1) of this section must (1) Successfully completes the prac- remove the limitation in accordance tical test for a powered-lift type rating, with paragraph (b)(4) of this section and the practical test includes each within 2 calendar months from the task required by § 61.43(a)(1) of this month in which the person passes the chapter; or type rating practical test.

(2) Has received ground and flight (4) The ‘‘VFR only’’ limitation may training under an approved training be removed after the person— program and has satisfactorily com- (i) Passes an instrument rating prac- pleted a competency check under tical test in a powered-lift in actual or simulated instrument conditions; and § 135.293 or § 91.1065 of this chapter in a (ii) Passes a practical test in the powered-lift, and the approved training powered-lift type for which the ‘‘VFR and checking include each task that only’’ limitation applies on the appro- was previously waived in accordance priate areas of operation listed in with § 194.207(b).

§ 61.157(e)(3) of this chapter that consist (c) An applicant receiving flight of performing instrument maneuvers training under § 194.221, § 194.223, and procedures in actual or simulated § 194.229, or § 194.231 may serve as sec- instrument conditions.

ond-in-command in a powered-lift type (5) Except as specified in paragraph certificated for more than one required (b)(6) of this section, if a person who pilot flight crewmember without meet- obtains a powered-lift type rating with ing the requirements of § 61.55(a)(1), a ‘‘VFR only’’ limitation pursuant to (a)(2), and (b)(2) of this chapter.

paragraph (b)(1) of this section does not VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00931 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 194.213 remove the limitation within 2 cal- authorized instructor to provide en- endar months from the month in which dorsements for certificates and ratings, the person completed the type rating including endorsements for solo flight, practical test, the powered-lift type the following persons may provide the rating for which the ‘‘VFR only’’ limi- required logbook or training record en- tation applies will become invalid for dorsements under part 61 of this chap- use until the person removes the limi- ter and this part for a commercial pilot tation in accordance with paragraph certificate with a powered-lift category (b)(4) of this section.

rating, an instrument-powered-lift rat- (6) A person holding a private pilot ing, a powered-lift type rating, or a certificate is not required to remove flight instructor certificate with pow- the ‘‘VFR only’’ limitation if the limi- ered-lift ratings— tation applies to a powered-lift type (1) An instructor pilot, provided the that is not a large aircraft or turbojet- applicant is either— powered.

(i) A test pilot or instructor pilot for (c) Obtaining an additional powered-lift the manufacturer seeking type certifi- type rating with a ‘‘VFR Only’’ limita- cation of an experimental powered-lift; tion. (1) Notwithstanding the require- (ii) A person authorized by the Ad- ment to hold or concurrently obtain an ministrator to serve as an initial check appropriate instrument rating in pilot, chief instructor, assistant chief § 61.63(d)(1) of this chapter, a person instructor, or training center evaluator holding a private pilot certificate may for the purpose of initiating training in apply for a powered-lift type rating for a powered-lift under an approved train- a powered-lift that is not a large air- ing program under part 135, 141, or 142 craft or turbojet-powered without hold- of this chapter, as appropriate; or ing or concurrently obtaining a pow- (iii) An FAA test pilot or aviation ered-lift instrument rating, but the safety inspector; or type rating will be limited to ‘‘VFR (2) A management official within the only.’’ manufacturer’s organization, provided (2) Notwithstanding the requirement the applicant is an instructor pilot for in § 61.63(d)(4) of this chapter, a person the manufacturer of an experimental who applies for a powered-lift type rat- powered-lift.

ing pursuant to paragraph (c)(1) of this (b) The endorsements for training section is not required to perform the time under this section must include a type rating practical test in actual or description of the training given, simulated instrument conditions.

length of training lesson, and the en- (3) A person who obtains a powered- dorsement provider’s signature and lift type rating with a ‘‘VFR only’’ lim- identifying information, including cer- itation pursuant to paragraph (c)(1) of tificate number and expiration date, if this section may remove the ‘‘VFR applicable.

only’’ limitation for that powered-lift type as specified in paragraph (b)(4) of § 194.215 Applicability of alternate this section.

aeronautical experience and log- (d) Concurrent practical tests for re- ging requirements for commercial moval of ‘‘VFR only’’ limitation. If a task pilot certification and a powered- required for the practical test specified lift instrument rating.

in paragraph (b)(4)(i) of this section (a) The alternate requirements set overlaps with a task required for the forth in §§ 194.216 through 194.231 apply practical test specified in paragraph only to persons who hold at least a (b)(4)(ii) of this section, a person may commercial pilot certificate with the perform the task a single time provided following ratings: the task is performed to the highest (1) An airplane category rating with standard required for the task.

a single-engine or multi-engine class § 194.213 Alternate endorsement re- rating and an instrument-airplane rat- quirements for certain persons ing; or seeking a powered-lift rating.

(2) A rotorcraft category rating with (a) Notwithstanding the require- a helicopter class rating and an instru- ments in part 61 of this chapter for an ment-helicopter rating.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00932 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 194.217 (b) If no alternate aeronautical expe- a powered-lift category rating who is a rience or logging requirement is pro- test pilot for the manufacturer of an vided under this part, the person must experimental powered-lift, an FAA test meet the applicable requirements pilot, or an aviation safety inspector under part 61 of this chapter, as appro- may satisfy the alternate aeronautical priate.

experience and logging requirements set forth in paragraphs (b) and (c) of § 194.216 Alternate aeronautical expe- this section, provided— rience: Pilot-in-command flight (1) The flights are conducted in an time in a powered-lift for a commer- experimental powered-lift at the manu- cial pilot certificate with a pow- facturer; ered-lift category rating.

(2) The applicant is authorized by the (a) Pilot-in-command flight time in a Administrator to act as pilot in com- powered-lift. Notwithstanding the eligi- mand of the experimental powered-lift.

bility requirement specified in (b) Alternate aeronautical experience § 61.123(f) of this chapter, an applicant requirements. Notwithstanding the eli- for a commercial pilot certificate with gibility requirement specified in a powered-lift category rating under § 61.123(f) of this chapter, a test pilot, § 194.217, § 194.219, § 194.221, or § 194.223 FAA test pilot, or aviation safety in- may log 35 hours of pilot-in-command spector may meet the requirements in flight time in a powered-lift in lieu of paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of this the aeronautical experience require- section in lieu of the aeronautical ex- ment of § 61.129(e)(2)(i) of this chapter.

perience requirements of § 61.129(e)(3) (b) Use of full flight simulators. In ad- and (4) of this chapter.

dition to the permitted credit for use of a full flight simulator in § 61.129(i) of (1) A test pilot, FAA test pilot, or this chapter, an applicant for a com- aviation safety inspector may receive mercial pilot certificate with a pow- 20 hours of flight training on the areas ered-lift category rating may credit a of operation listed in § 61.127(b)(5) of maximum of 15 hours toward the 35 this chapter from an instructor pilot hours of pilot-in-command flight time for the manufacturer of an experi- requirement in paragraph (a) of this mental powered-lift in lieu of an au- section, provided— thorized instructor, provided— (1) The aeronautical experience was (i) The training is conducted in ac- obtained performing the duties of cordance with the manufacturer’s pro- pilot-in-command in a Level C or high- posed training curriculum in the exper- er full flight simulator that represents imental powered-lift; and the powered-lift category; and (ii) The test pilot, FAA test pilot, or (2) The full flight simulator sessions aviation safety inspector receives a are conducted in accordance with: logbook or training record endorse- (i) For test pilots, instructor pilots, ment from the instructor pilot certi- FAA test pilots, or FAA aviation safe- fying that the test pilot satisfactorily ty inspectors under § 194.217 or § 194.219, completed the training curriculum as applicable, the manufacturer’s pro- specified in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this posed training curriculum; section.

(ii) For the initial cadre of instruc- (2) A test pilot, FAA test pilot, or tors under § 194.221, the manufacturer’s aviation safety inspector may accom- training curriculum; or plish the practical test preparation re- (iii) For pilots under § 194.223, an ap- quirements in § 61.129(e)(3)(iv) of this proved training program under part chapter with a pilot who serves as an 135, 141, or 142 of this chapter.

instructor pilot for the manufacturer of the experimental powered-lift.

§ 194.217 Test pilots, FAA test pilots, or (3) A test pilot, FAA test pilot, or aviation safety inspectors: Alter- nate aeronautical experience and aviation safety inspector may satisfy logging requirements for a commer- the aeronautical experience require- cial pilot certificate with a pow- ment in § 61.129(e)(4) of this chapter by ered-lift category rating.

logging at least 10 hours of solo flight (a) General applicability. An applicant time under an endorsement from an in- for a commercial pilot certificate with structor pilot or performing the duties VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00933 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 194.219 of pilot-in-command in an experi- may satisfy the alternate aeronautical mental powered-lift with one of the fol- experience and logging requirements lowing individuals onboard (which may set forth in paragraphs (b) and (c) of be credited towards the flight time re- this section, provided— quirement in §§ 61.129(e)(2), and (e)(2)(ii) (1) The flights are conducted in an of this chapter and 194.216(a))— experimental powered-lift at the manu- (i) A test pilot for the manufacturer facturer; and of the powered-lift who is authorized (2) The applicant is authorized by the by the Administrator to act as pilot-in- Administrator to act as pilot-in-com- command of the experimental powered- mand of the experimental powered-lift.

lift; or (b) Alternate aeronautical experience (ii) An instructor pilot for the manu- requirements. Notwithstanding the eli- facturer of the powered-lift who is au- gibility requirement specified in thorized by the Administrator to act as § 61.123(f) of this chapter, an instructor pilot-in-command of the experimental pilot may meet the requirements in powered-lift.

paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of this (4) A test pilot, FAA test pilot, or section in lieu of the aeronautical ex- aviation safety inspector may satisfy perience requirements of § 61.129(e)(3) the alternate requirements in § 194.233 and (4) of this chapter.

in lieu of the cross-country aero- (1) An instructor pilot may meet the nautical experience requirements spec- requirements of paragraphs (b)(1)(i) ified in § 61.129(e)(3)(ii) and (iii) and and (ii) of this section in lieu of the 20 (e)(4)(i) of this chapter.

hours of training with an authorized (c) Alternate logging requirement. Not- instructor required by § 61.129(e)(3) of withstanding the logging requirements this chapter.

in § 61.51(e)(1) of this chapter, an appli- (i) The instructor pilot provided the cant for a commercial pilot certificate manufacturer’s proposed training cur- with a powered-lift category rating riculum to a test pilot, FAA test pilot, may log pilot-in-command flight time or aviation safety inspector in the ex- for the purpose of satisfying the aero- perimental powered-lift, which in- nautical experience requirements in cludes 20 hours of training on the areas §§ 61.129(e)(2)(ii) and 194.216(a) of this of operation listed in § 61.127(b)(5) of chapter for flights when the pilot is the this chapter; and sole manipulator of the controls of an (ii) The instructor pilot receives a experimental powered-lift for which logbook or training record endorse- the pilot is not rated, provided— ment from a management official with- (1) The test pilot, FAA test pilot, or in the manufacturer’s organization cer- aviation safety inspector is acting as tifying that the instructor pilot pro- pilot-in-command of the experimental vided the training specified in para- powered-lift in accordance with a let- graph (b)(1)(i) of this section.

ter of authorization issued by the Ad- (2) An instructor pilot may accom- ministrator; and plish the practical test preparation re- (2) The flight is conducted for the quirements in § 61.129(e)(3)(iv) of this purpose of research and development or chapter with a pilot who serves as an showing compliance with the regula- instructor pilot for the manufacturer tions in this chapter in accordance of the experimental powered-lift.

with the experimental certificate (3) An instructor pilot may satisfy issued to the powered-lift pursuant to the aeronautical experience require- § 21.191 of this chapter.

ment in § 61.129(e)(4) of this chapter by logging at least 10 hours of solo flight § 194.219 Instructor pilots: Alternate aeronautical experience and log- time under an endorsement from an- ging requirements for a commercial other instructor pilot or performing pilot certificate with a powered-lift the duties of pilot-in-command in an category rating.

experimental powered-lift with one of (a) General applicability. An applicant the following individuals onboard for a commercial pilot certificate with (which may be credited towards the a powered-lift category rating who is flight time requirement in an instructor pilot for the manufac- §§ 61.129(e)(2), and (e)(2)(ii) of this chap- turer of an experimental powered-lift ter and 194.216(a))— VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00934 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 194.221 (i) A test pilot for the manufacturer training in a powered-lift under an ap- of the powered-lift who is authorized proved training program under part by the Administrator to act as pilot-in- 135, 141, or 142 of this chapter, as appro- command of the experimental powered- priate; and lift; (2) The flights are conducted in type- (ii) Another instructor pilot for the certificated powered-lift at the manu- manufacturer of the powered-lift who facturer.

is authorized by the Administrator to (b) Alternate aeronautical experience act as pilot-in-command of the experi- requirements. Notwithstanding the eli- mental powered-lift; or gibility requirement specified in (iii) An FAA test pilot or aviation § 61.123(f) of this chapter, an applicant safety inspector.

may meet the requirements in para- (4) An instructor pilot may satisfy graphs (b)(1) through (4) of this section the alternate requirements in § 194.233 in lieu of the aeronautical experience in lieu of the cross-country aero- requirements of § 61.129(e)(3) and (4) of nautical experience requirements spec- this chapter.

ified in § 61.129(e)(3)(ii) and (iii) and (1) An applicant may receive 20 hours (e)(4)(i) of this chapter.

of flight training on the areas of oper- (c) Alternate logging requirement. Not- ation listed in § 61.127(b)(5) of this chap- withstanding the logging requirements ter from an instructor pilot for the in § 61.51(e)(3) of this chapter, an appli- manufacturer of the powered-lift in cant for a commercial pilot certificate lieu of an authorized instructor, pro- with a powered-lift category rating vided— may log pilot-in-command flight time (i) The training is conducted in ac- for the purpose of satisfying the aero- cordance with the manufacturer’s nautical experience requirements in training curriculum in the powered- §§ 61.129(e)(2)(ii) of this chapter and lift; and 194.216(a) for flights when the pilot is (ii) The applicant receives a logbook serving as an instructor pilot for the or training record endorsement from manufacturer of an experimental pow- the instructor pilot certifying that the ered-lift for which the pilot is not test pilot satisfactorily completed the rated, provided— training curriculum specified in para- (1) The pilot is acting as pilot-in- graph (b)(1)(i) of this section.

command of the experimental powered- (2) An applicant may accomplish the lift in accordance with a letter of au- practical test preparation require- thorization issued by the Adminis- ments in § 61.129(e)(3)(iv) of this chapter trator; and with a pilot who serves as an instructor (2) The flight is conducted for the pilot for the manufacturer of the pow- purpose of crew training in accordance ered-lift.

with the experimental certificate (3) An applicant may satisfy the issued to the powered-lift pursuant to aeronautical experience requirement in § 21.191 of this chapter.

§ 61.129(e)(4) of this chapter by logging at least 10 hours of solo flight time in § 194.221 Initial cadre of instructors: a powered-lift under an endorsement Alternate aeronautical experience and logging requirements for a from an instructor pilot or performing commercial pilot certificate with a the duties of pilot-in-command in a powered-lift category rating.

powered-lift with a person onboard who (a) General applicability. An applicant serves as an instructor pilot for the for a commercial pilot certificate with manufacturer of the powered-lift a powered-lift category rating may sat- (which may be credited towards the isfy the alternate aeronautical experi- flight time requirement in § 61.129(e)(2) ence and logging requirements set and (e)(2)(ii) of this chapter and forth in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this 194.216(a)).

section, provided— (4) An applicant may satisfy the al- (1) The applicant is authorized by the ternate requirements in § 194.233 in lieu Administrator to serve as an initial of the cross-country aeronautical expe- check pilot, chief instructor, assistant rience requirements specified in chief instructor, or training center § 61.129(e)(3)(ii) and (iii) and (e)(4)(i) of evaluator for the purpose of initiating this chapter.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00935 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 194.223 (c) Alternate logging requirements. Not- (1) The applicant is manipulating the withstanding the logging requirements controls of the powered-lift with an au- in § 61.51(e)(1) of this chapter, an appli- thorized instructor onboard; (2) The applicant is performing the cant for a commercial pilot certificate duties of pilot-in-command; and with a powered-lift category rating (3) The flight is conducted in accord- may log up to 25 hours of pilot-in-com- ance with an approved training pro- mand flight time for the purpose of sat- gram under part 135, 141, or 142 of this isfying the aeronautical experience re- chapter.

quirements in §§ 61.129(e)(2)(ii) of this chapter and 194.216(a) for flights when § 194.225 Test pilots, FAA test pilots, the pilot is the sole manipulator of the and aviation safety inspectors: Al- controls of a powered-lift for which the ternate aeronautical experience pilot is not rated, provided— and logging requirements for an in- strument-powered-lift rating.

(1) The applicant is manipulating the controls of the powered-lift with a per- (a) General applicability. An applicant son onboard who serves as an instruc- for an instrument-powered-lift rating tor pilot for the manufacturer; who is test pilot for the manufacturer of an experimental powered-lift, an (2) The applicant is performing the FAA test pilot, or aviation safety in- duties of pilot-in-command; and spector may satisfy the alternate aero- (3) The flight is conducted in accord- nautical experience and logging re- ance with the manufacturer’s training quirements set forth in paragraphs (b) curriculum for the powered-lift.

and (c) of this section, provided— (1) The flights are conducted in an § 194.223 Pilots receiving training experimental powered-lift at the manu- under an approved training pro- gram: Alternate requirements for a facturer; and commercial pilot certificate with a (2) The applicant is authorized by the powered-lift category rating.

Administrator to act as pilot-in-com- mand of the experimental powered-lift.

(a) General applicability. An applicant (b) Alternate aeronautical experience for a commercial pilot certificate with requirements. A test pilot, FAA test a powered-lift category rating may sat- pilot, or aviation safety inspector may isfy the alternate requirements set meet the aeronautical experience re- forth in paragraphs (b) through (d) of quirements of paragraphs (b)(1) this section, provided the applicant is through (4) of this section in lieu of the receiving training under an approved aeronautical experience requirements training program under part 135, 141, or of § 61.65(f)(2) of this chapter.

142 of this chapter for the purpose of (1) Notwithstanding the eligibility obtaining a powered-lift category rat- requirement in § 61.65(a)(5) of this chap- ing.

ter, a test pilot, FAA test pilot, or (b) Alternate aeronautical experience aviation safety inspector may receive requirements. An applicant may satisfy 15 hours of instrument training on the the alternate requirements in § 194.233 areas of operation listed in § 61.65(c) of in lieu of the cross-country aero- this chapter from an instructor pilot nautical experience requirements spec- for the manufacturer of an experi- ified in § 61.129(e)(3)(ii) and (iii) and mental powered-lift in lieu of an au- (e)(4)(i) of this chapter.

thorized instructor, provided— (c) Alternate logging requirement. Not- (i) The training is conducted in ac- withstanding the logging requirements cordance with the manufacturer’s pro- in § 61.51(e)(1) of this chapter, an appli- posed training curriculum in the exper- cant for a commercial pilot certificate imental powered-lift; and with a powered-lift category rating (ii) The test pilot, FAA test pilot, or may log up to 25 hours of pilot-in-com- aviation safety inspector receives a mand time towards the aeronautical logbook or training record endorse- experience requirement in § 194.216(a) ment from the instructor pilot certi- for flights when the applicant is the fying that the applicant satisfactorily sole manipulator of the controls of a completed the training curriculum powered-lift for which the pilot is not specified in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this rated, provided— section.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00936 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 194.227 (2) A test pilot, FAA test pilot, or § 194.227 Instructor pilots: Alternate aviation safety inspector may accom- aeronautical experience and log- ging requirements for an instru- plish the practical test preparation re- ment-powered-lift rating.

quirements in § 61.65(f)(2)(i) of this chapter with an instructor pilot for the (a) General applicability. An applicant manufacturer of the experimental pow- for an instrument-powered-lift rating ered-lift. who is an instructor pilot for the man- ufacturer of an experimental powered- (3) A test pilot, FAA test pilot, or lift may satisfy the alternate aero- aviation safety inspector may accom- nautical experience and logging re- plish the cross-country flight specified quirements set forth in paragraphs (b) in § 61.65(f)(2)(ii) of this chapter for an and (c) of this section, provided— instrument-powered-lift rating without (1) The flights are conducted in an an authorized instructor, provided the experimental powered-lift at the manu- test pilot, FAA test pilot, or aviation facturer; and safety inspector— (2) The applicant is authorized by the (i) Completes the cross-country flight Administrator to act as pilot-in-com- specified in § 61.65(f)(2)(ii) of this chap- mand of the experimental powered-lift.

ter with a pilot who serves as an in- (b) Alternate aeronautical experience structor pilot for the manufacturer of requirements. An instructor pilot may the experimental powered-lift; and meet the aeronautical experience re- (ii) Obtains a logbook or training quirements of paragraphs (b)(1) record endorsement from the instruc- through (4) of this section in lieu of the tor pilot certifying that the person aeronautical experience requirements completed the cross-country flight.

of § 61.65(f)(2) of this chapter.

(4) A test pilot, FAA test pilot, or (1) Notwithstanding the eligibility aviation safety inspector may satisfy requirement in § 61.65(a)(5) of this chap- the alternate requirements in § 194.235 ter, an instructor pilot may meet the in lieu of the cross-country aero- requirements of paragraphs (b)(1)(i) nautical experience requirements spec- and (ii) of this section in lieu of the 15 ified in § 61.65(f)(2)(ii) of this chapter.

hours of training with an authorized (c) Alternate logging requirement. Not- instructor required by § 61.65(f)(2) of withstanding the logging requirements this chapter.

in § 61.51(e)(1) of this chapter, a test (i) The instructor pilot provided the pilot, FAA test pilot, or aviation safety manufacturer’s proposed training cur- inspector may log pilot-in-command riculum to a test pilot, FAA test pilot, flight time for the purpose of satisfying or aviation safety inspector in the ex- the 10-hour cross-country requirement perimental powered-lift, which in- cludes 15 hours of training on the areas in § 61.65(f)(1) of this chapter for flights of operation listed in § 61.65(c) of this when the pilot is the sole manipulator chapter; and of the controls of an experimental pow- (ii) The instructor pilot receives a ered-lift for which the pilot is not logbook or training record endorse- rated, provided— ment from a management official with- (1) The test pilot, FAA test pilot, or in the manufacturer’s organization cer- aviation safety inspector is acting as tifying that the instructor pilot pro- pilot-in-command of the experimental vided the training specified in para- powered-lift in accordance with a let- graph (b)(1)(i) of this section.

ter of authorization issued by the Ad- (2) An instructor pilot may accom- ministrator; and plish the practical test preparation re- (2) The flight is conducted for the quirements in § 61.65(f)(2)(i) of this purpose of research and development or chapter with another pilot who serves showing compliance with the regula- as an instructor pilot for the manufac- tions in this chapter in accordance turer of the experimental powered-lift.

with the experimental certificate (3) An instructor pilot may accom- issued to the powered-lift pursuant to plish the cross-country flight specified § 21.191 of this chapter.

in § 61.65(f)(2)(ii) of this chapter for an instrument-powered-lift rating without VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00937 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 194.229 an authorized instructor, provided the (2) The flights are conducted in type- instructor pilot— certificated powered-lift at the manu- facturer.

(i) Completes the cross-country flight (b) Alternate aeronautical experience specified in § 61.65(f)(2)(ii) of this chap- requirements. Notwithstanding the in- ter with another pilot who serves as an strument rating requirements of § 61.65 instructor pilot for the manufacturer of this chapter, an applicant may meet of the experimental powered-lift; and the requirements in paragraphs (b)(1) (ii) Obtains a logbook or training through (4) of this section in lieu of the record endorsement from the instruc- aeronautical experience requirements tor pilot certifying that the person of § 61.65(f)(2) of this chapter.

completed the cross-country flight.

(1) Notwithstanding the eligibility (4) An instructor pilot may satisfy requirement in § 61.65(a)(5) of this chap- the alternate requirements in § 194.235 ter, an applicant may receive 15 hours in lieu of the cross-country aero- of instrument training on the areas of nautical experience requirements spec- operation listed in § 61.65(c) of this ified in § 61.65(f)(2)(ii) of this chapter.

chapter from an instructor pilot for the (c) Alternate logging requirement. Not- manufacturer of a powered-lift in lieu withstanding the logging requirements of an authorized instructor, provided— in § 61.51(e)(3) of this chapter, an in- (i) The training is conducted in ac- structor pilot may log pilot-in-com- cordance with the manufacturer’s mand flight time for the purpose of sat- training curriculum in the powered- isfying the 10-hour cross-country re- lift; and quirement in § 61.65(f)(1) of this chapter (ii) The applicant receives a logbook for flights when the pilot is serving as or training record endorsement from an instructor pilot for the manufac- the instructor pilot certifying that the turer of an experimental powered-lift applicant satisfactorily completed the training curriculum specified in para- for which the pilot is not rated, pro- graph (b)(1)(i) of this section.

vided the pilot— (2) An applicant may accomplish the (1) Is acting as pilot-in-command of practical test preparation require- the experimental powered-lift in ac- ments in § 61.65(f)(2)(i) of this chapter cordance with a letter of authorization with a pilot who serves as an instructor issued by the Administrator; and pilot for the manufacturer of the pow- (2) The flight is conducted for the ered-lift.

purpose of crew training in accordance (3) An applicant may accomplish the with the experimental certificate cross-country flight specified in issued to the powered-lift pursuant to § 61.65(f)(2)(ii) of this chapter for an in- § 21.191 of this chapter.

strument-powered-lift rating without an authorized instructor, provided the § 194.229 Initial cadre of instructors: applicant— Alternate aeronautical experience (i) Completes the cross-country flight and logging requirements for an in- specified in § 61.65(f)(2)(ii) of this chap- strument-powered-lift rating.

ter with a pilot who serves as an in- (a) General applicability. An applicant structor pilot for the manufacturer of for an instrument-powered-lift rating the powered-lift; and may satisfy the alternate aeronautical (ii) Obtains a logbook or training experience and logging requirements record endorsement from the instruc- set forth in paragraphs (b) and (c) of tor pilot certifying that the person this section, provided— completed the cross-country flight.

(1) The applicant is authorized by the (4) An applicant may satisfy the al- Administrator to serve as an initial ternate requirements in § 194.235 in lieu check pilot, chief instructor, assistant of the cross-country aeronautical expe- chief instructor, or training center rience requirements specified in evaluator for the purpose of initiating § 61.65(f)(2)(ii) of this chapter.

training in a powered-lift under an ap- (c) Alternate logging requirement. Not- proved training program under part withstanding the logging requirements 135, 141, or 142 of this chapter, as appro- in § 61.51(e)(1) of this chapter, an appli- priate; and cant for an instrument-powered-lift VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00938 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 194.233 rating may log pilot-in-command flight (3) The sessions are conducted in ac- time for the purpose of satisfying the cordance with an approved training 10-hour cross-country requirement in program under part 135, 141, or 142 of § 61.65(f)(1) of this chapter for flights this chapter.

when the applicant is the sole manipu- § 194.233 Alternate means to satisfy lator of the controls of a powered-lift the cross-country aeronautical ex- for which the pilot is not rated, pro- perience requirements for a com- vided— mercial pilot certificate with a pow- (1) The applicant is manipulating the ered-lift category rating.

controls of the powered-lift with a per- Notwithstanding the eligibility re- son onboard who serves as an instruc- quirement in § 61.123(f) of this chapter, tor pilot for the manufacturer; an applicant who does not meet the (2) The applicant is performing the cross-country aeronautical experience duties of pilot-in-command; and requirements specified in § 61.129(e) of (3) The flight is conducted in accord- this chapter will be considered eligible ance with the manufacturer’s training for a commercial pilot certificate with curriculum for the powered-lift.

a powered-lift category rating as speci- fied in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this § 194.231 Pilots receiving training under an approved training pro- section.

gram: Alternate requirements for (a) An applicant who does not meet an instrument-powered-lift rating.

the cross-country aeronautical experi- ence requirements specified in (a) General applicability. An applicant § 61.129(e)(3)(ii) and (iii) of this chapter for an instrument-powered-lift rating will be considered eligible for a com- may satisfy the alternate requirements mercial pilot certificate with a pow- set forth in paragraphs (b) and (c) of ered-lift category rating, provided the this section, provided the applicant is applicant has logged at least three receiving training under an approved cross-country flights consisting of— training program under part 135, 141, or 142 of this chapter for the purpose of (1) One 2-hour cross-country flight in obtaining an instrument-powered-lift a powered-lift in daytime conditions that consists of a total straight-line rating.

distance of more than 50 nautical miles (b) Alternate aeronautical experience requirements. An applicant may satisfy from the original point of departure; (2) One 2-hour cross-country flight in the alternate requirements in § 194.235 a powered-lift in nighttime conditions in lieu of the cross-country aero- nautical experience requirements spec- that consists of a total straight-line ified in § 61.65(f)(2)(ii) of this chapter. distance of more than 50 nautical miles from the original point of departure; (c) Use of full flight simulators. In addi- and tion to the permitted credit for use of a full flight simulator in § 61.65(h) of (3) An additional cross-country flight this chapter, an applicant for an in- with landings at a minimum of three strument-powered-lift rating may cred- points, with one segment consisting of it a maximum of 4 hours toward the a straight-line distance of at least 50 aeronautical experience requirement in nautical miles from the original point § 61.65(f)(1) of this chapter that requires of departure. Except for the original 10 hours of cross-country time in a point of departure, this additional powered-lift, provided— cross-country flight must include land- ings at different points than the cross- (1) The aeronautical experience was obtained performing the duties of country flights specified in paragraphs pilot-in-command during a simulated (a)(1) and (2) of this section.

cross-country flight in a Level C or (b) An applicant who does not have higher full flight simulator that rep- the cross-country aeronautical experi- resents the powered-lift category; ence specified in § 61.129(e)(4)(i) of this (2) The cross-country flight includes chapter will be considered eligible for a the performance of instrument proce- commercial pilot certificate with a dures under simulated instrument con- powered-lift category, provided the ap- ditions; and plicant has logged at least two cross- VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00939 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 194.235 country flights with landings at a min- § 194.237 Alternate means to satisfy imum of three points, with one seg- the cross-country aeronautical ex- perience requirements for a private ment consisting of a straight-line dis- pilot certificate with a powered-lift tance of at least 50 nautical miles from category rating.

the original point of departure. Except for the original point of departure, the Notwithstanding the eligibility re- second cross-country flight must in- quirement in § 61.103(g) of this chapter, clude landings at different points than an applicant who does not meet the the first cross-country flight.

cross-country aeronautical experience requirements specified in § 61.109(e) of § 194.235 Alternate means to satisfy this chapter will be considered eligible the cross-country aeronautical ex- for a private pilot certificate with a perience requirements for an in- powered-lift category rating as speci- strument-powered-lift rating.

fied in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this (a) An applicant who does not meet section.

the cross-country aeronautical experi- (a) Cross-country aeronautical experi- ence requirements specified in ence at night. An applicant who does § 61.65(f)(2)(ii) of this chapter will be not meet the cross-country aero- considered eligible for an instrument- nautical experience specified in powered-lift rating, provided the appli- § 61.109(e)(2)(i) of this chapter will be cant has logged instrument time that considered eligible for a private pilot includes instrument flight training on certificate with a powered-lift category cross-country flight procedures, includ- rating, provided the applicant has re- ing two cross-country flights in a pow- ceived 3 hours of night flight training ered-lift, provided each cross-country that includes two cross-country flights flight— that are each over 50 nautical miles (1) Is conducted with either an au- total distance.

thorized instructor or an instructor (b) Solo cross-country aeronautical ex- pilot; and perience. An applicant who does not (2) Involves— meet the solo cross-country aero- (i) A flight of 100 nautical miles along nautical experience specified in airways or by directed routing from an § 61.109(e)(5)(ii) of this chapter will be air traffic control facility; considered eligible for a private pilot (ii) An instrument approach at each certificate with a powered-lift category airport; and rating, provided the applicant has com- (iii) Three different kinds of ap- pleted— proaches with the use of navigation (1) One solo cross-country flight of systems.

100 nautical miles total distance, with (b) Notwithstanding the require- landings at three points, and one seg- ments in § 61.65(f)(2)(ii) of this chapter ment of the flight being a straight-line for the cross-country flight in a pow- distance of more than 25 nautical miles ered-lift, an applicant for an instru- between the takeoff and landing loca- ment-powered-lift rating is not re- tions; and quired to file a flight plan and perform (2) An additional solo cross-country the cross-country flight under instru- flight in a powered-lift with landings at ment flight rules, provided— a minimum of three points, with one (1) The powered-lift is not certifi- segment consisting of a straight-line cated for instrument flight; and distance of at least 50 nautical miles (2) The applicant holds one of the fol- from the original point of departure.

lowing— Except for the original point of depar- (i) An instrument-airplane rating; ture, the additional cross-country flight must include landings at dif- (ii) An instrument-helicopter rating; or ferent points than the first cross-coun- try flight.

(iii) An airline transport pilot certifi- cate.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00940 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 194.243 § 194.239 Alternate means to satisfy § 194.241 Alternate qualification re- minimum curriculum content in quirements for chief instructors, as- sistant chief instructors, and check certain appendices to part 141 of instructors.

this chapter.

(a) Notwithstanding the qualification (a) Flight training minimum curriculum requirements in §§ 141.35(a)(1), content. Notwithstanding the minimum 141.36(a)(1), and 141.37(a)(2)(ii) of this curriculum requirements in § 141.55(a) chapter, for a course of training under of this chapter, a training course for part 141 of this chapter that uses a which approval is requested is not re- powered-lift, a person seeking designa- quired to consist of training on a task tion as a chief instructor, an assistant specified in an area of operation listed chief instructor, or a check instructor in the applicable appendix to part 141, for checks and tests that relate to provided— flight training must meet the following (1) The training course for which ap- requirements— proval is requested is for a powered-lift (1) Hold a commercial pilot certifi- course; cate or an airline transport pilot cer- (2) The powered-lift to be used in the tificate with the following ratings— course is not capable of performing the (i) A powered-lift category rating; task specified in an area of operation (ii) A type rating for the powered-lift listed in the applicable appendix to used in the course; and part 141; and (iii) An instrument-powered-lift rat- ing or an airline transport pilot certifi- (3) The FAA has issued waiver au- cate with instrument privileges.

thority for that task in accordance (2) Hold a current flight instructor with § 194.207(b).

certificate with the following ratings— (b) Cross-country minimum curriculum (i) A powered-lift category rating; content. Notwithstanding the minimum and curriculum requirements in § 141.55(a) (ii) An instrument-powered-lift rat- of this chapter, a training course for ing, if an instrument rating is required which approval is requested is not re- for the course.

quired to meet the minimum cur- (b) Notwithstanding the qualification riculum content specified in appendices requirements in § 141.37(a)(3)(ii) of this B, C, and D to part 141, provided— chapter, for a course of training under (1) The training course for which ap- part 141 of this chapter that uses a proval is requested is for a powered-lift powered-lift, a person seeking designa- course.

tion as a check instructor for checks (2) The minimum curriculum content and tests that relate to ground training that is not met may consist of the must hold a current flight instructor training specified in— certificate with a powered-lift category (i) Appendix B, paragraph rating or a ground instructor rating 4.(b)(5)(ii)(A); appropriate for the course.

(ii) Appendix B, paragraph 5.(e)(1); § 194.243 Pilot certification through (iii) Appendix C, paragraph completion of training, testing, and 4.(c)(3)(ii); checking under part 135 of this (iv) Appendix D, paragraph 4.(b)(5)(ii) chapter.

and (iii); (a) Part 135 airman certification train- (v) Appendix D, paragraph 5.(e)(2); or ing program. (1) Subject to the require- (vi) Appendix M, paragraphs ments in subpart H to part 135 of this 4.(b)(4)(ii)(A), 4.(b)(4)(iii)(A), and chapter, a certificate holder under part 5.(d)(1).

119 of this chapter authorized to con- (3) For each provision of training duct part 135 operations may obtain ap- specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this sec- proval under § 135.325 of this chapter to tion that is not met, the training establish and implement a training course must include an additional curriculum to satisfy the following: cross-country flight consistent with (i) Ground training, flight training, the requirements of §§ 194.233, 194.235, and aeronautical experience require- and 194.237. ments in § 61.65 of this chapter and VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00941 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 194.243 § 194.231 for the addition of an instru- vided in this part, that alternative may ment-powered-lift rating to a commer- be used; cial pilot certificate; (ii) Has a training record endorse- ment from the certificate holder certi- (ii) Ground training, flight training, fying that the pilot satisfactorily com- and aeronautical experience require- pleted the applicable ground and flight ments in § 61.63(b) of this chapter for training curricula in the approved part the addition of an aircraft category 135 airman certification training pro- rating to a commercial pilot certifi- gram; and cate; and (iii) Successfully completes the writ- (iii) Ground and flight training re- ten or oral testing under § 135.293(a)(2) quirements in § 61.63(d) of this chapter and (3) of this chapter, a competency to add a type rating to a commercial check under § 135.293(b) of this chapter, pilot certificate.

and an instrument proficiency check (2) No certificate holder may use a under § 135.297 of this chapter provided person, nor may any person serve, as the following conditions are met: an instructor in a training curriculum (A) The competency check includes approved to meet the requirements of the maneuvers and procedures required paragraph (a)(1) of this section unless, for the issuance of a commercial pilot in addition to being qualified under certificate with a powered-lift category §§ 135.338 and 135.340 of this chapter, the rating, for the issuance of an instru- person holds a flight instructor certifi- ment-powered-lift rating and for the cate with a powered-lift category rat- issuance of a powered-lift type rating.

ing and instrument-powered-lift rating (B) The instrument proficiency check issued under part 61 of this chapter.

meets the requirements of § 135.297 of (3) A certificate holder may train a this chapter as applicable to a pilot in pilot in a training curriculum approved command (PIC) holding a commercial to meet the requirements of paragraph pilot certificate except that the instru- (a)(1) of this section only if the pilot is ment approaches to be included in the employed by the certificate holder check must include all instrument ap- under part 119 of this chapter and holds proaches required for the issuance of at least the certificates and ratings set an instrument-powered-lift rating and forth by § 194.215(a).

not only those for which the pilot is to (4) In addition to § 135.327 of this be authorized to perform in part 135 op- chapter, any curriculum approved erations.

under paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (iii) (2) Sections 135.293(d) and 135.301(b) of of this section must include the appli- this chapter are not applicable to the cable aeronautical knowledge areas, competency check and instrument pro- areas of operation, and flight training ficiency check required by paragraph required by part 61 of this chapter. If (b)(1)(iii) of this section.

an alternative requirement is provided (3) A pilot who meets paragraph (b)(1) in this part, that alternative may be of this section will be issued a commer- used.

cial pilot certificate with a powered- (b) Part 135 airman certification and lift category rating, an instrument- checking. (1) A pilot who is employed by powered-lift rating, and a powered-lift a certificate holder under part 119 of type rating.

this chapter authorized to conduct op- (4) An applicant who fails a check erations under part 135 who completes under paragraph (b)(1) of this section the approved curricula in paragraphs may reapply for the check only after (a)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section the applicant has received: may apply to add a powered-lift cat- (i) The necessary training from an egory rating concurrently with a pow- authorized instructor or instructor ered-lift instrument rating and an ini- pilot who has determined that the ap- tial powered-lift type rating to a com- plicant is proficient to pass the test; mercial pilot certificate if the person and meets the following requirements: (ii) An endorsement from an author- (i) Meets the requirements of ized instructor or instructor pilot who §§ 61.63(b) and 61.65(f) of this chapter, or gave the applicant the additional train- if an alternative requirement is pro- ing.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00942 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 194.249 (c) Part 135 certification testing and (i) Leadership and command; and checking personnel. The testing, com- (ii) Mentoring, including techniques petency checks, and instrument pro- for instilling and reinforcing the high- ficiency checks required by paragraph est standards of technical performance, (b) of this section must be adminis- airmanship, and professionalism in tered by one of the following: newly hired pilots.

(1) An FAA Aviation Safety Inspec- (3) Include the training required by tor.

paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section in (2) An Aircrew Program Designee recurrent ground training for pilots in who is authorized to perform com- command every 36 calendar months.

petency checks and instrument pro- (4) Include in initial flight training ficiency checks for the certificate hold- for pilots in command and upgrade er whose approved ground and flight flight training, sufficient scenario- training curricula has been satisfac- based training incorporating crew re- torily completed by the pilot appli- cant. source management and leadership and (3) A Training Center Evaluator with command skills, to ensure the pilot’s appropriate certification authority proficiency as pilot in command.

who is also authorized to perform com- (c) In lieu of compliance with the op- petency checks and instrument pro- erating experience requirements listed ficiency checks for the certificate hold- in § 135.244(a)(1) through (4) of this er whose approved ground and flight chapter, no certificate holder may use training curricula has been satisfac- a person, nor may any person serve, as torily completed by the pilot appli- pilot in command of a powered-lift un- cant.

less that person possesses 20 hours of operating experience in each make and § 194.245 Pilot qualification and pro- gram management requirements to basic model of powered-lift to be flown.

operate powered-lift under subpart (d) To comply with § 135.345 of this K to part 91 of this chapter.

chapter, initial, transition, and up- (a) Section 91.1055(a) of this chapter grade ground training for powered-lift applies to powered-lift operating under pilots must include instruction in subpart K to part 91.

§ 135.345(b)(6)(iv) of this chapter, as ap- (b) Reference to class of aircraft in plicable.

§ 91.1055(b)(2) of this chapter is inappli- cable when a powered-lift is used for § 194.249 References to class in parts the operation under subpart K to part 135, 141, and 142 of this chapter.

91.

(a) References to class of aircraft in §§ 135.4(b)(2), 135.247(a)(1) and (2), and § 194.247 Pilot qualification require- ments to operate powered-lift under 135.603 of this chapter are inapplicable part 135 of this chapter.

when a powered-lift is used for the op- eration under part 135.

(a) Unless otherwise directed in this chapter, powered-lift must continue to (b) Notwithstanding the course con- comply with rules applicable to air- tent contained in the appendices to craft specified in part 135.

part 141, references to a class rating or (b) To comply with § 135.3 of this a class of aircraft in those appendices chapter, each certificate holder that is inapplicable when a powered-lift is conducts commuter operations under used for the course of training.

part 135 with powered-lift for which (c) References to class of aircraft in two pilots are required by the type cer- §§ 142.11(d)(2)(ii), 142.49(c)(3)(iii), tificate must: 142.53(b)(1), and 142.65(b)(1) of this chap- (1) Comply with subpart Y to part 121 ter are inapplicable when a powered- of this chapter instead of the require- lift or flight simulation training device ments of subparts G and H to part 135; representing a powered-lift is used for and the operation under part 142.

(2) Include in initial ground training for pilots in command and upgrade ground training, instruction and facili- tated discussion on the following: VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00943 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 194.251 quirements set forth in appendix A to § 194.251 Alternate means to satisfy minimum curriculum content in this part.

training courses under part 142 of (c) Deviation authority. Notwith- this chapter.

standing the requirements of §§ 61.195(g) and 91.109 of this chapter, the Adminis- A training course for which approval is requested is not required to consist trator may authorize a deviation to op- of training on a task specified in an erate a powered-lift that is being used area of operation if the powered-lift is for flight training in an approved train- ing program under part 135, 141, or 142 not capable of performing the task, without fully functioning dual controls provided the FAA has issued waiver au- thority for that task in accordance provided: with § 194.207(b). (1) The certificate holder dem- onstrates in a form and manner accept- § 194.253 Alternate requirements for able to the Administrator that— powered-lift without fully func- (i) The person providing the flight tional dual controls used in flight training and the PIC observing any ap- training.

plicable supervised operating experi- (a) Powered-lift equipped with an in- ence can take immediate corrective ac- stantly accessible single, functioning con- tion and full control of the powered- trol. (1) A person may utilize the alter- lift; nate requirement provided in para- (ii) The flight training and any appli- graph (a)(2) of this section only if the cable supervised operating experience applicant holds at least the certificates can be effectively conducted in the and ratings set forth by § 194.215(a) and powered-lift; and instruction is provided by: (2) The Administrator determines (i) An instructor pilot for the manu- that the alternate flight training and facturer of the powered-lift under the applicable supervised operating experi- manufacturer’s proposed training cur- ence set forth by paragraph (c)(1) of riculum, or this section will not adversely affect (ii) A flight instructor under an ap- safety.

proved training curriculum under part (3) The FAA may cancel or amend a 135, 141, or 142 of this chapter, as appli- letter of deviation authority at any cable.

time if the Administrator determines (2) Notwithstanding the requirements that the requirements of this section of §§ 61.195(g) and 91.109(a) of this chap- are not met or if such action is nec- ter, a person may operate a powered- essary in the interest of safety.

lift that is being used for flight train- ing without fully functioning dual con- § 194.255 Alternate requirements for trols provided— powered-lift without fully func- tioning dual controls used in super- (i) The powered-lift is equipped with vised operating experience when a single functioning flight control that adding a type rating.

is instantly accessible by both the ap- plicant and the instructor; (a) Notwithstanding § 61.64(f) of this (ii) The single functioning flight con- chapter, a person who holds a powered- trol meets the certification standards lift category, instrument-powered-lift for both pilot stations; and rating, and powered-lift type rating (iii) The instructor has determined and seeks an additional type rating for that the flight can be conducted safely. a powered-lift with a single functioning control and a single pilot station in ac- (b) Full flight simulator training for cordance with §§ 61.63(d) and 61.64(a) of powered-lift with single functioning con- this chapter, and does not meet re- trols and a single pilot station. A person quirements of § 61.64(e), will receive a may apply for a powered-lift category rating, an instrument-powered-lift rat- limitation on the certificate restrict- ing, and a powered-lift type rating con- ing the person operating the powered- currently for a powered-lift with single lift type from carrying any person or controls and a single pilot station property on the aircraft, other than under an approved part 135, 141, or 142 necessary for the purpose of paragraph training program by meeting the re- (b) of this section.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00944 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 194.302 (b) The limitation described in para- must continue to comply with rules ap- graph (a) of this section may be re- plicable to all aircraft in parts 91, 135, moved from the rating if the person and 136 of this chapter, as applicable to complies with the following: the operation. In addition, any sections (1) Performs 25 hours of flight time in or paragraphs within sections under the type of powered-lift for which the parts 91 and 135 that refer to specific limitation applies under the observa- categories of aircraft and that are not tion of a fully rated pilot without limi- referenced in the SFAR table to tations for the aircraft, maintaining § 194.302 or § 194.306, do not apply to full communication with the observing powered-lift.

pilot, (2) Logs each flight and the observing § 194.302 Provisions under part 91 of pilot attests in writing to each flight, this chapter applicable to powered- and lift.

(3) Presents evidence of the super- No person may operate a powered-lift vised operating experience to any ex- under part 91 of this chapter unless aminer or Flight Standards office to that person complies with the regula- have the limitation removed.

tions listed in the first column of table (c) The observing pilot must have un- obstructed visual sight of the controls 1 to this section, notwithstanding their and instrumentation. applicability to airplanes, helicopters, or rotorcraft, subject to the applica- bility provisions in the second column, Subpart C—Requirements for and any additional requirements or Persons Operating Powered-Lift clarification specified in the third col- § 194.301 Applicability.

umn: Unless otherwise specified by this part, persons operating powered-lift T ABLE 1 TO § 194.302 Regulation Applicability Additional requirements or clarification Part 91, Subpart A General (a) Section 91.9(a) Applies to all powered-lift .......................... The requirement for an approved Aircraft and (b) of this Flight Manual is set forth in the air- chapter. worthiness criteria established under § 21.17(b) of this chapter.

Part 91, Subpart B Flight Rules (b) Section Applies to powered-lift for which an ap- 91.103(b)(1) of this proved Aircraft Flight Manual containing chapter. takeoff and landing distance data is re- quired.

(c) Section Applies to all powered-lift .......................... The exception under § 91.107(a)(3) of this 91.107(a)(3)(i) chapter for seaplane and float equipped through (iii) of this rotorcraft operations during movement chapter. on the surface applies to persons push- ing off a powered-lift from the dock or persons mooring the powered-lift at the dock.

(d) Section 91.119(d) Applies to powered-lift operating in Under § 91.119(d) of this chapter, a pow- of this chapter. vertical-lift flight mode. ered-lift may be operated in vertical-lift flight mode at less than the minimums prescribed in § 91.119(b) or (c) of this chapter, provided each person oper- ating the powered-lift complies with any routes or altitudes specifically pre- scribed for powered-lift by the FAA.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00945 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 194.302 T ABLE 1 TO § 194.302—Continued Regulation Applicability Additional requirements or clarification (e) Section Applies to powered-lift operating in wing- If the powered-lift is operating in vertical- 91.126(b)(1) of this borne flight mode. lift flight mode, see paragraph (f) of this chapter. section.

(f) Section Applies to powered-lift operating in If the powered-lift is operating in wing- 91.126(b)(2) of this vertical-lift flight mode. borne flight mode, see paragraph (e) of chapter. this section.

(g) Section Applies to large or turbine-powered pow- 91.129(e)(1) and ered-lift.

(2), (g)(2), and (h) of this chapter.

(h) Section Applies to powered-lift preparing to land 91.129(e)(3) of this in wing-borne flight mode.

chapter.

(i) Section Applies to powered-lift operating in wing- (1) If the powered-lift is operating in 91.129(f)(1) of this borne flight mode. vertical-lift flight mode, see paragraph chapter. (j) of this section.

(2) Section 91.129(f)(1) of this chapter does not apply when the operator of a powered-lift is conducting a circling ap- proach under part 97 of this chapter or when otherwise requested by air traffic control (ATC).

(j) Section Applies to powered-lift operating in (1) If the powered-lift is operating in wing- 91.129(f)(2) of this vertical-lift flight mode. borne flight mode, see paragraph (i) of chapter. this section.

(2) Section 91.129(f)(2) does not apply when the operator of a powered-lift is conducting a circling approach under part 97 of this chapter or when other- wise requested by ATC.

(k) Section Applies to large powered-lift.

91.131(a)(2) of this chapter.

(l) Section 91.151(a) Applies to powered-lift ............................... (1) A powered-lift with the performance and (b) of this capability, as outlined in the Aircraft chapter. Flight Manual, to conduct a landing in the vertical-lift flight mode along the en- tire route of flight may use the VFR fuel requirements outlined in § 91.151(b) of this chapter.

(2) Powered-lift unable to meet the re- quirements of paragraph (l)(1) of this section must use the rule requirements outlined in § 91.151(a) of this chapter.

(m) Section The helicopter provision under (1) Except as provided in § 91.155(b) of 91.155(a) of this § 91.155(a) of this chapter applies to this chapter, powered-lift that meet the chapter. powered-lift operating in vertical-lift requirements of paragraph (m) of this flight mode and at a speed that allows section may operate under the heli- the pilot to see any other traffic or ob- copter VFR visibility minimums outlined structions in time to avoid a collision. under § 91.155(a) of this chapter in class G airspace.

(2) Powered-lift unable to meet the re- quirements of paragraph (m) of this section must use the VFR visibility mini- mums in § 91.155(a) of this chapter for aircraft other than helicopters.

(n) Section Applies to powered-lift operating in the (1) Powered-lift that meet the require- 91.155(b)(1) of this vertical-lift flight mode and at a speed ments of paragraph (n) of this section chapter. that allows the pilot to see any other may use the VFR visibility minimums traffic or obstructions in time to avoid a outlined in § 91.155(b)(1) of this chapter collision. in Class G airspace.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00946 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 194.302 T ABLE 1 TO § 194.302—Continued Regulation Applicability Additional requirements or clarification (2) Powered-lift unable to meet the re- quirements of paragraph (n) of this sec- tion must use the visibility minimums outlined in § 91.155(b)(2) of this chap- ter.

(o) Section Applies to powered-lift ............................... Powered-lift operating in Class G air- 91.155(b)(2) of this space that cannot meet the require- chapter. ments of paragraph (n) of this section must use the VFR visibility minimums outlined under § 91.155(b)(2) of this chapter.

(p) Section The helicopter exceptions outlined in 91.157(b)(3), § 91.157(b)(3), (b)(4), and (c) of this (b)(4), and (c) of chapter apply to powered-lift operating this chapter. in vertical-lift flight mode when those aircraft are operated at a speed that al- lows the pilot to see any other traffic or obstructions in time to avoid a collision.

(q) Section The helicopter provisions in § 91.167(a)(3) (1) Powered-lift that meet the require- 91.167(a)(3) and and (b)(2)(ii) of this chapter apply to ments of paragraph (q) of this section (b)(2)(ii) of this powered-lift authorized to conduct may use the helicopter provisions chapter. copter procedures and that have the under § 91.167(a)(3) and (b)(2)(ii) of performance capability for the entire this chapter.

flight to conduct a landing in the (2) Powered-lift that are unable to meet vertical-lift flight mode, as outlined in the requirements outlined in paragraph the Aircraft Flight Manual. (q) of this section must use the 45- minute fuel requirement outlined in § 91.167(a)(3) of this chapter and the aircraft requirement outlined in § 91.167(b)(2)(i) of this chapter.

(r) Section Applies to powered-lift authorized to con- (1) Powered-lift that meet the require- 91.169(b)(2)(ii) and duct copter procedures and that have ments of paragraph (r) of this section (c)(1)(ii) of this the performance capability to land in may use the helicopter provisions spec- chapter. the vertical-lift flight mode, as outlined ified in § 91.169(b)(2)(ii) and (c)(1)(ii) of in the Aircraft Flight Manual. this chapter.

(2) Powered-lift that are unable to meet the requirements outlined in paragraph (r) of this section must use the require- ments for aircraft other than helicopters under § 91.169(b)(2)(i) and (c)(1)(i) of this chapter.

(s) Section Applies to powered-lift with two engines Powered-lift with two engines or less that 91.175(f)(2)(iii) of or less, that takeoff in vertical-lift flight are unable to meet the requirements this chapter. mode, and that are authorized to con- outlined in this paragraph (s) must com- duct copter procedures. ply with § 91.175(f)(2)(i) of this chapter.

(t) Section Applies to part 135 of this chapter pow- 91.175(f)(4)(i) of ered-lift operators required to comply this chapter. with subpart I to part 135 of this chap- ter.

Part 91, Subpart C Equipment, Instrument, and Certificate Requirements (u) Section Applies to small powered-lift ..................... Position and anti-collision lights must 91.205(b)(11) and meet § 23.2530(b) of this chapter.

(14) of this chapter.

(v) Section Applies to powered-lift certified for instru- 91.205(d)(3)(i) of ment flight rules operations.

this chapter.

(w) Section 91.207 of Applies to all powered-lift.

this chapter.

(x) Section 91.219 of Applies to all powered-lift.

this chapter.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00947 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 194.302 T ABLE 1 TO § 194.302—Continued Regulation Applicability Additional requirements or clarification (y) Section 91.223(a) Applies to powered-lift configured with 6 Instead of terrain awareness and warning and (c) of this or more passenger seats, excluding system (TAWS), powered-lift must be chapter. any pilot seat. equipped with a helicopter terrain awareness and warning system (HTAWS) that meets the requirements in TSO–C194 and Section 2 of RTCA DO–309 (incorporated by reference, see § 194.109) or a FAA-approved TAWS A/HTAWS hybrid system.

Part 91, Subpart D Special Flight Operations (z) Section 91.313(g) Applies to restricted category small pow- of this chapter. ered-lift.

Part 91, Subpart E Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations (aa) Section Applies to technically-advanced powered- (1) Unless otherwise authorized by the 91.409(e) through lift which are powered-lift equipped with Administrator, a technically advanced (h) of this chapter. an electronically advanced system in powered-lift must be equipped with an which the pilot interfaces with a multi- electronically advanced multi-computer computer system with increasing levels system that includes one or more of the of automation in order to aviate, navi- following installed components: gate, or communicate. (i) An electronic Primary Flight Display (PFD) that includes, at a minimum, an airspeed indicator, turn coordinator, atti- tude indicator, heading indicator, altim- eter, and vertical speed indicator; (ii) An electronic Multifunction Display (MFD) that includes, at a minimum, a moving map using Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation with the air- craft position displayed; (iii) A multi-axis autopilot integrated with the navigation and heading guidance system; and (iv) Aircraft design with advanced fly-by- wire-flight control system that utilizes electronically operated controls with no direct mechanical link from the pilot to the control surfaces.

(2) The display elements described in paragraphs (aa)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section must be continuously visible.

(bb) Section 91.411 Applies to all powered-lift.

of this chapter.

Part 91, Subpart F Large and Turbine-Powered Multiengine Airplanes and Fractional Ownership Program Aircraft (cc) Section 91.501 Applies to large powered-lift regardless of Any sections or paragraphs within sec- of this chapter. powerplant, as well as powered-lift op- tions to subpart F to part 91 of this erating under subpart K to part 91 of chapter that refer to a specific category this chapter, and subject to any limita- of aircraft and that are not referenced in tions outlined in this part. this table or the table to § 194.306, do not apply to powered-lift.

(dd) Section 91.503 Applies to powered-lift subject to the re- Powered-lift may comply with of this chapter. quirements of subpart F to part 91 of § 91.503(a)(5) of this chapter by having this chapter as specified in paragraph the appropriate engine or multiple-en- (cc) of this section. gines inoperative climb performance data available at the pilot station of the aircraft.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00948 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 194.302 T ABLE 1 TO § 194.302—Continued Regulation Applicability Additional requirements or clarification (ee) Section 91.505 Applies to powered-lift subject to the re- of this chapter. quirements of subpart F to part 91 of this chapter as specified in paragraph (cc) of this section.

(ff) Section 91.507 of Applies to powered-lift subject to the re- this chapter. quirements of subpart F to part 91 of this chapter as specified in paragraph (cc) of this section.

(gg) Section 91.509 Applies to powered-lift subject to the re- (1) Powered-lift operating over water of this chapter. quirements of subpart F to part 91 of under § 91.509(a) or (b) of this chapter this chapter as specified in paragraph may use either the nearest shore or the (cc) of this section. nearest off-shore heliport structure by which to measure the nautical mile lim- its provided in § 91.509(a) and (b).

(2) The lifeline required by § 91.509(b)(5) of this chapter must be stored in ac- cordance with § 25.1411(g) of this chapter or such airworthiness criteria as the FAA may find provide an equiva- lent level of safety in accordance with § 21.17(b) of this chapter.

(hh) Section 91.511 Applies to powered-lift subject to the re- Powered-lift operating over water under of this chapter. quirements of subpart F to part 91 of § 91.511(a) of this chapter may use ei- this chapter as specified in paragraph ther the nearest shore or the nearest (cc) of this section. off-shore heliport structure by which to measure the nautical mile limits pro- vided in § 91.511(a).

(ii) Section 91.513 of Applies to powered-lift subject to the re- this chapter. quirements of subpart F to part 91 of this chapter as specified in paragraph (cc) of this section.

(jj) Section 91.515 of Applies to powered-lift subject to the re- this chapter. quirements of subpart F to part 91 of this chapter as specified in paragraph (cc) of this section.

(kk) Section 91.517 Applies to powered-lift subject to the re- of this chapter. quirements of subpart F to part 91 of this chapter as specified in paragraph (cc) of this section.

(ll) Section 91.519 of Applies to powered-lift subject to the re- this chapter. quirements of subpart F to part 91 of this chapter as specified in paragraph (cc) of this section.

(mm) Section 91.521 Applies to large powered-lift subject to the The safety belt and shoulder harness re- of this chapter. requirements of subpart F to part 91 of quired by § 91.521 of this chapter must this chapter as specified in paragraph comply with § 25.785 of this chapter or (cc) of this section. such airworthiness criteria as the FAA may find provide an equivalent level of safety in accordance with § 21.17(b) of this chapter.

(nn) Section 91.523 Applies to powered-lift having a seating The carry-on baggage required by of this chapter. capacity of more than 19 passengers § 91.523 of this chapter must be subject to the requirements of subpart stowed such that it can withstand the F to part 91 of this chapter as specified inertia forces specified in § 25.561(b)(3) in paragraph (cc) of this section. of this chapter or such airworthiness criteria as the FAA may find provide an equivalent level of safety in accordance with § 21.17(b) of this chapter.

(oo) Section 91.525 Applies to powered-lift subject to the re- of this chapter. quirements of subpart F to part 91 of this chapter as specified in paragraph (cc) of this section.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00949 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 194.302 T ABLE 1 TO § 194.302—Continued Regulation Applicability Additional requirements or clarification (pp) Section Applies to powered-lift subject to the re- (1) Powered-lift critical surfaces, as out- 91.527(a) of this quirements of subpart F to part 91 of lined in the Aircraft Flight Manual for chapter. this chapter as specified in paragraph that aircraft, must also be determined to (cc) of this section. be free of frost, ice, or snow.

(2) Powered-lift critical surfaces under this section are determined by the manufac- turer.

(qq) Section Applies to powered-lift subject to the re- Instead of § 91.527(b)(2) and (3) of this 91.527(b)(2) and quirements of subpart F to part 91 of chapter, to operate instrument flight (3) of this chapter. this chapter as specified in paragraph rules (IFR) into known light or moderate (cc) of this section. icing conditions or VFR into known light or moderate icing conditions, an oper- ator must comply with § 194.306(xx).

(rr) Section 91.527(c) Applies to powered-lift subject to the re- No pilot may fly a powered-lift into known of this chapter. quirements of subpart F to part 91 of or forecast severe icing conditions.

this chapter as specified in paragraph (cc) of this section.

(ss) Section Applies to powered-lift subject to the re- 91.531(a)(1) and quirements of subpart F to part 91 of (2), (b), and (c) of this chapter as specified in paragraph this chapter. (cc) of this section and that meet the additional requirements as set forth in each paragraph of § 91.531 of this chapter; § 91.531(b)(2) of this chapter applies to large powered-lift that meet the additional requirements set forth in that paragraph.

(tt) Section 91.533 of Applies to powered-lift subject to the re- this chapter. quirements of subpart F to part 91 of this chapter as specified in paragraph (cc) of this section.

Part 91, Subpart G Additional Equipment and Operating Requirements for Large and Transport Category Aircraft (uu) Section 91.603 Applies to large powered-lift ..................... The aural speed warning device required of this chapter. by § 91.603 of this chapter must comply with § 25.1303(c)(1) of this chapter or such airworthiness criteria as the FAA may find provide an equivalent level of safety in accordance with § 21.17(b) of this chapter.

(vv) Section Applies to large powered-lift ..................... The Aircraft Flight Manual must contain 91.605(b)(1) of this the takeoff weight performance informa- chapter. tion.

(ww) Section Applies to large powered-lift ..................... The Aircraft Flight Manual must contain 91.605(b)(2) of this the landing performance information.

chapter.

(xx) Section Applies to large powered-lift that execute 91.605(b)(3), takeoff operations using wing-borne lift (b)(4)(ii), and (c) of and that have takeoff performance in- this chapter. formation contained in the Aircraft Flight Manual.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00950 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 194.302 T ABLE 1 TO § 194.302—Continued Regulation Applicability Additional requirements or clarification (yy) Section Paragraph (c) of § 91.609 of this chapter (1) Operators of powered-lift having a 91.609(c), (d), (e), applies to powered-lift with a passenger passenger seating configuration, ex- (i), and (j) of this seating configuration, excluding any cluding any pilot seat, of 10 or more chapter. pilot seats, of 10 or more seats; must comply with § 194.310 or § 91.609(e) of this chapter applies to § 194.311 in lieu of the appendices ref- powered-lift with a passenger seating erenced in § 91.609(c)(1) of this chap- configuration of six or more seats and ter.

for which two pilots are required by (2) For compliance with § 91.609(c)(3), type certification or operating rule; (e)(1), and (i) of this chapter, powered- § 91.609(d) of this chapter applies to lift must comply with the certification powered-lift required by that section to provisions listed in those paragraphs or have a flight data recorder; and such airworthiness criteria as the FAA § 91.609(i) and (j) of this chapter apply may find provide an equivalent level of to powered-lift required by that section safety in accordance with § 21.17(b) of to have a cockpit voice recorder and a this chapter.

flight data recorder. (3) Under § 91.609(d) of this chapter, the flight recorder must operate continu- ously from the earlier of when the pow- ered-lift begins the takeoff roll or begins lift-off until the later of when the pow- ered-lift completes the landing roll or lands at its destination.

(zz) Section Applies to large powered-lift ..................... The thermal/acoustic installation materials 91.613(b)(2) of this required by § 91.613(b)(2) of this chap- chapter. ter must meet the requirements of § 25.856 of this chapter or such air- worthiness criteria as the FAA may find provide an equivalent level of safety in accordance with § 21.17(b) of this chapter.

Part 91, Subpart K Fractional Ownership Operations (aaa) Section Applies to large powered-lift subject to the If a powered-lift operator is required to 91.1037 of this requirements of subpart K to part 91 of comply with this section, the operator chapter. this chapter that are certificated to con- must also comply with § 91.1025(o)(7) duct landing operations in wing-borne of this chapter.

flight mode as indicated in the Aircraft Flight Manual.

(bbb) Section Applies to all powered-lift subject to the 91.1041(b) and (d) requirements of subpart K to part 91 of of this chapter. this chapter.

(ccc) Section Applies to powered-lift subject to the re- Under § 91.1045(a)(3) of this chapter, in- 91.1045(a) of this quirements of subpart K to part 91 of stead of TAWS, powered-lift must be chapter. this chapter with a passenger-seat con- equipped with a helicopter terrain figuration of more than 30 seats or a awareness and warning system payload capacity of more than 7,500 (HTAWS) that meets the requirements pounds. in TSO–C194 and Section 2 of RTCA DO–309 (incorporated by reference, see § 194.109) or a FAA-approved TAWS A/HTAWS hybrid system.

(ddd) Section Applies to powered-lift subject to the re- Compliance with § 91.1045(b)(3) of this 91.1045(b) of this quirements of subpart K to part 91 of chapter requires a helicopter terrain chapter. this chapter with a passenger-seat con- awareness and warning system that figuration of 30 seats or fewer, exclud- complies with § 194.306(s).

ing each crewmember, and a payload capacity of 7,500 pounds or less.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00951 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 194.303 [Docket FAA–2023–1275, Amdt. 194–1, 89 FR § 97.3 of this chapter if the aircraft is 92489, Nov. 21, 2024; Amdt. 194–1A, 90 FR 216, certified for instrument flight rule op- Jan. 3, 2025] erations and does not contain a limita- tion prohibiting use of such procedures § 194.303 IFR takeoff, approach, and landing minimums. in its Aircraft Flight Manual.

Section 91.1039(c) of this chapter ap- § 194.306 Provisions under part 135 of plies to all powered-lift operated under this chapter applicable to powered- subpart K to part 91 of this chapter re- lift.

gardless of powerplant type.

No person may operate a powered-lift § 194.304 ATC transponder and alti- under part 135 of this chapter unless tude reporting equipment and use.

that person complies with the regula- Notwithstanding § 194.301, the excep- tions listed in the first column of table tions outlined in § 91.215(b)(3) and (5) of 1 to this section, notwithstanding their this chapter for aircraft not certifi- applicability to airplanes, helicopters, cated with an engine-driven electrical or rotorcraft, subject to the applica- system do not apply to powered-lift.

bility provisions in the second column and any additional requirements or § 194.305 Applicability of copter proce- clarification specified in the third col- dures under part 97 of this chapter umn.

to powered-lift.

Persons operating powered-lift may use copter procedures as defined in T ABLE 1 TO § 194.306 Regulation Applicability Additional requirements or clarification Part 135, Subpart A General (a) Section Applies to powered-lift conducting oper- 135.1(a)(9) of this ations in accordance with subpart L of chapter. part 135 of this chapter.

(b) Section 135.23(r) Applies to powered-lift required to comply of this chapter. with § 135.385 of this chapter as set forth in paragraphs (hhh) and (iii) of this section.

Part 135, Subpart B Flight Operations (c) Section 135.93(a) Applies to all powered-lift .......................... (1) The requirements referencing an Air- through (f) of this plane Flight Manual under § 135.93(b) chapter. of this chapter apply to a powered-lift’s Aircraft Flight Manual.

(2) Under § 135.93(c) of this chapter, no person operating a powered-lift may use an autopilot enroute, including climb and descent, below the fol- lowing— (i) Either: (A) At a minimum engagement altitude specified in the Aircraft Flight Manual; or (B) If no minimum engagement altitude is specified, 500 feet, or at an altitude that is no lower than twice the altitude loss specified in the Aircraft Flight Manual for an autopilot malfunction in cruise conditions, whichever is greater; or (ii) Notwithstanding the requirements of paragraphs (c)(2)(i)(A) and (B) of this section, at an altitude specified by the Administrator.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00952 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 194.306 T ABLE 1 TO § 194.306—Continued Regulation Applicability Additional requirements or clarification (d) Section Applies to powered-lift conducting oper- 135.117(a)(9) of ations beyond the autorotational dis- this chapter. tance from the shoreline, as defined in § 135.168(a) of this chapter, or gliding distance of a shoreline.

(e) Section Applies to all powered-lift .......................... The exception under § 135.128(a) of this 135.128(a) of this chapter for seaplane and float equipped chapter. rotorcraft operations during movement on the surface applies to persons push- ing off a powered-lift from the dock or persons mooring the powered-lift at the dock.

Part 135, Subpart C Aircraft and Equipment (f) Section Applies to all powered-lift unless the cer- 135.145(b) of this tificate holder has previously proven a chapter. powered-lift under part 135 of this chapter.

(g) Section Applies to all powered-lift unless a pow- 135.145(d)(1) of ered-lift of the same make or similar this chapter. design has been proven or validated by that certificate holder under part 135 of this chapter.

(h) Section Applies to large powered-lift with a pas- The public address system required by 135.150(a)(7) of senger seating configuration, excluding § 135.150(a)(7) of this chapter must this chapter. any pilot seat, of more than 19. comply with § 25.1423 of this chapter or such airworthiness criteria as the FAA may find provide an equivalent level of safety in accordance with § 21.17(b) of this chapter.

(i) Section Applies to large powered-lift with a pas- The crewmember interphone system must 135.150(b)(7) of senger seating configuration, excluding comply with the requirements of this chapter. any pilot seat, of more than 19. § 135.150(b)(7) of this chapter or such airworthiness criteria as the FAA may find provide an equivalent level of safe- ty in accordance with § 21.17(b) of this chapter.

(j) Section 135.151(a) Applies to powered-lift with a passenger The cockpit voice recorder must be in- of this chapter. seating configuration of six or more stalled and equipped in accordance seats and for which two pilots are re- with the certification provisions listed in quired by certification or operating rules. § 135.151(a)(1) of this chapter or such airworthiness criteria as the FAA may find provide an equivalent level of safe- ty in accordance with § 21.17(b) of this chapter.

(k) Section Applies to powered-lift with a passenger The cockpit voice recorder must be in- 135.151(b) of this seating configuration of 20 or more stalled and equipped in accordance chapter. seats. with the certification provisions listed in § 135.151(b)(1) of this chapter or such airworthiness criteria as the FAA may find provide an equivalent level of safe- ty in accordance with § 21.17(b) of this chapter.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00953 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 194.306 T ABLE 1 TO § 194.306—Continued Regulation Applicability Additional requirements or clarification (l) Section 135.151(d) Applies to large powered-lift or powered- The cockpit voice recorder required by of this chapter. lift equipped with a cockpit voice re- § 135.151(d) of this chapter must corder. record the uninterrupted audio signal received by a boom or mask micro- phone in accordance with § 25.1457(c)(5) of this chapter or such airworthiness criteria as the FAA may find provide an equivalent level of safe- ty in accordance with § 21.17(b) of this chapter.

(m) Section Applies to powered-lift with a passenger The cockpit voice recorder must be in- 135.151(g)(1) of seating configuration of six or more stalled and equipped in accordance this chapter. seats, for which two pilots are required with the appropriate certification provi- by certification or operating rules, and sions listed in § 135.151(g)(1)(i) and (iv) that are required to have a flight data of this chapter or such airworthiness recorder under § 135.152 of this chap- criteria as the FAA may find provide an ter. equivalent level of safety in accordance with § 21.17(b) of this chapter.

(n) Section Applies to powered-lift with a passenger The cockpit voice recorder must be in- 135.151(g)(2) of seating configuration of 20 or more stalled and equipped in accordance this chapter. seats and that is required to have a with the appropriate certification provi- flight data recorder under § 135.152 of sions listed in § 135.151(g)(2)(i) and (iv) this chapter. of this chapter or such airworthiness criteria as the FAA may find provide an equivalent level of safety in accordance with § 21.17(b) of this chapter.

(o) Section Applies to powered-lift required to have a 135.151(h) of this cockpit voice recorder and a flight data chapter. recorder under part 135 with installed datalink communication equipment.

(p) Section Section 135.152(a) of this chapter applies Powered-lift operators must comply with 135.152(a) of this to powered-lift with a passenger seating § 194.312 or § 194.313 in lieu of the ap- chapter. configuration of 10 to 19 seats. pendices referenced in § 135.152 of this chapter.

(q) Section Section 135.152(b) introductory text and 135.152(b) intro- (b)(3) apply to powered-lift with a pas- ductory text and senger seating configuration of 20 to 30 (b)(3) of this chap- seats.

ter.

(r) Section Applies to powered-lift with a passenger (1) The flight recorder must be installed 135.152(c), (d), (f), seating configuration, excluding crew- and equipped in accordance with the and (j) of this member seats, of 10 to 30. appropriate certification provisions list- chapter. ed in § 135.152 of this chapter or such airworthiness criteria as the FAA may find provide an equivalent level of safe- ty in accordance with § 21.17(b) of this chapter.

(2) Certificate holders must keep the re- corded data until the powered-lift has been operating for at least 25 hours.

(3) The powered-lift flight recorder must be operated continuously from the in- stant the powered-lift begins the takeoff roll or lift-off until the landing is com- pleted.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00954 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 194.306 T ABLE 1 TO § 194.306—Continued Regulation Applicability Additional requirements or clarification (s) Section Applies to powered-lift configured with 6 Instead of TAWS, powered-lift must be 135.154(a) and (c) or more passenger seats, excluding equipped with a helicopter terrain of this chapter. any pilot seat. awareness and warning system (HTAWS) that meets the requirements in TSO–C194 and Section 2 of RTCA DO–309 (incorporated by reference, see § 194.109) or a FAA-approved TAWS A/HTAWS hybrid system.

(t) Section 135.158 of Applies to powered-lift equipped with a Under § 135.158(a) of this chapter, no this chapter. flight instrument pitot heating system. person may operate a powered-lift equipped with a flight instrument pitot heating system unless the aircraft is also equipped with an operable pitot heat indication system that complies with § 23.2605 or § 25.1326 of this chapter, or such airworthiness criteria as the FAA may find provide an equiva- lent level of safety in accordance with § 21.17(b) of this chapter that provides an alert that is in clear view of a flightcrew member.

(u) Section Applies to powered-lift with a third attitude 135.159(a)(1) of instrument system that meets the re- this chapter. quirements of § 135.159(a)(1) of this chapter.

(v) Section 135.160 Applies to all powered-lift.

of this chapter.

(w) Section Applies to all powered-lift .......................... The two required generators may be 135.163(g) of this mounted on a drivetrain that is driven chapter. by two separate powerplants as out- lined in § 135.163(g) of this chapter for multi-engine helicopters.

(x) Section Applies to powered-lift having a pas- 135.165(d) of this senger seat configuration, excluding chapter. any pilot seat, of 10 seats or more, or a powered-lift in a commuter operation, as defined in part 119 of this chapter.

(y) Section Applies to powered-lift for purposes of ap- 135.165(g)(1) of proving a single long-range navigation this chapter. system and a single long-range com- munication system for extended over- water operations.

(z) Section 135.168 Applies to powered-lift operating beyond (1) The life preserver required by of this chapter. autorotational distance or gliding dis- § 135.168(b)(1) of this chapter need not tance from the shoreline. be worn but must be readily available for its intended use and easily acces- sible to each occupant when the pow- ered-lift is a multiengine aircraft oper- ated at a weight that will allow it to climb, with the critical engine inoper- ative or while experiencing a critical change of thrust, at least 50 feet a minute, at an altitude of 1,000 feet above the surface.

(2) For powered-lift unable to meet the re- quirements of paragraph (z)(1) of this section, the occupants must wear life preservers during the flight.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00955 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 194.306 T ABLE 1 TO § 194.306—Continued Regulation Applicability Additional requirements or clarification (3) For purposes of paragraphs (z), (ii), (jj), and (kk) of this section, critical change of thrust means a failure that would most adversely affect the per- formance or handling qualities of an air- craft.

(aa) Section Applies to large powered-lift ..................... Powered-lift must comply with appropriate 135.169(a) of this certification provisions listed in chapter. § 135.169(a) of this chapter or such air- worthiness criteria as the FAA may find provide an equivalent level of safety in accordance with § 21.17(b) of this chapter.

(bb) Section Applies to small powered-lift with a pas- (1) Under § 135.169(b)(1) of this chapter, 135.169(b)(1) and senger seating configuration, excluding small powered-lift with a passenger (b)(8) of this chap- pilot seats, of 10 seats or more. seating configuration of 10 seats or ter. more must comply with the applicable requirements for transport category powered-lift or such airworthiness cri- teria as the FAA may find provide an equivalent level of safety in accordance with § 21.17(b) of this chapter.

(2) Under § 135.169(b)(8) of this chapter, small powered-lift with a passenger seating configuration of 10 seats or more must comply with the applicable requirements under part 23 of this chapter referenced in § 135.169(b)(8) of this chapter or such airworthiness cri- teria as the FAA may find provide an equivalent level of safety in accordance with § 21.17(b) of this chapter.

(cc) Section Applies to large powered-lift with a cargo The cargo and baggage compartments 135.169(d) of this or baggage compartment of 200 cubic required by § 135.169(d) of this chapter chapter. feet or greater. must comply with the certification provi- sions listed in that paragraph or such airworthiness criteria as the FAA may find provide an equivalent level of safe- ty in accordance with § 21.17(b) of this chapter.

(dd) Section Applies to large powered-lift; Powered-lift must comply with appropriate 135.170(b)(1) of § 135.170(b)(1)(ii) applies to large pow- certification provisions listed in this chapter. ered-lift with a passenger capacity of 20 § 135.170(b)(1) of this chapter or such or more. airworthiness criteria as the FAA may find provide an equivalent level of safe- ty in accordance with § 21.17(b) of this chapter.

(ee) Section Applies to large powered-lift ..................... The seat cushions required by 135.170(b)(2) of § 135.170(b)(2) of this chapter must this chapter. comply with § 25.853 of this chapter or such airworthiness criteria as the FAA may find provide an equivalent level of safety in accordance with § 21.17(b) of this chapter.

(ff) Section Applies to large powered-lift ..................... The seat cushions required by 135.170(c)(2) of § 135.170(c)(2) of this chapter must this chapter. comply with § 25.856 of this chapter or such airworthiness criteria as the FAA may find provide an equivalent level of safety in accordance with § 21.17(b) of this chapter.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00956 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 194.306 T ABLE 1 TO § 194.306—Continued Regulation Applicability Additional requirements or clarification (gg) Section 135.178 Applies to powered-lift having a pas- The additional emergency equipment of this chapter. senger-seating configuration of more must comply with appropriate certifi- than 19 seats. cation provisions listed in § 135.178 of this chapter or such airworthiness cri- teria as the FAA may find provide an equivalent level of safety in accordance with § 21.17(b) of this chapter.

(hh) Section 135.180 Applies to powered-lift with a passenger The Aircraft Flight Manual must contain of this chapter. seat configuration, excluding any pilot the information outlined in § 135.180(b) seat, of 10 to 30 seats. of this chapter.

(ii) Section Applies to powered-lift ............................... No person may operate a multiengine 135.181(a)(2) of powered-lift carrying passengers over- this chapter. the-top or in IFR conditions at a weight that will not allow it to climb, with the critical engine inoperative or while ex- periencing a critical change of thrust as defined in paragraph (z) of this section, at least 50 feet a minute when oper- ating at the MEAs of the route to be flown or 5,000 feet MSL, whichever is higher.

(jj) Section Applies to powered-lift conducting off- Multiengine powered-lift carrying pas- 135.181(b) of this shore passenger operations. sengers offshore may conduct such op- chapter. erations in over-the-top or in IFR condi- tions at a weight that will allow the pow- ered-lift to climb at least 50 feet per minute with the critical engine inoper- ative or while experiencing a critical change of thrust as defined in para- graph (z) of this section, when oper- ating at the MEA of the route to be flown or 1,500 feet MSL, whichever is higher.

(kk) Section Applies to powered-lift ............................... No person may operate a land aircraft 135.183(c) of this carrying passengers over water unless chapter. it is a multiengine aircraft operated at a weight that will allow it to climb, with the critical engine inoperative or while experiencing a critical change of thrust as defined in paragraph (z) of this sec- tion, at least 50 feet a minute, at an al- titude of 1,000 feet above the surface.

(ll) Section Applies if the powered-lift is equipped with 135.183(d) of this flotation devices and carrying pas- chapter. sengers over water.

Part 135, Subpart D VFR/IFR Operating Limitations and Weather Requirements (mm) Section Applies to powered-lift except those oper- The Administrator may authorize a lower 135.203(a) of this ating in the vertical-lift flight mode minimum altitude for a powered-lift if chapter. under paragraph (nn) of this section. the FAA has determined, during type certification, the lower minimum altitude enables a transition from wing-borne to vertical-lift flight mode and the aircraft can conduct a safe autorotation, or an approved equivalent maneuver, to a landing but no lower than 300 feet above the surface.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00957 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 194.306 T ABLE 1 TO § 194.306—Continued Regulation Applicability Additional requirements or clarification (nn) Section Applies to powered-lift operating in Powered-lift that do not meet the require- 135.203(b) of this vertical-lift flight mode that are certifi- ments of this paragraph (nn) must use chapter. cated and able to conduct an autorota- the VFR minimum altitudes outlined in tion or an approved equivalent maneu- paragraph (mm) of this section.

ver to a landing.

(oo) Section Applies to all powered-lift except as pro- 135.205(a) of this vided in paragraph (pp) of this section.

chapter.

(pp) Section Applies to powered-lift operating in Powered-lift that do not meet the require- 135.205(b) of this vertical-lift flight mode and at a speed ments of this paragraph (pp) must use chapter. that allows the pilot adequate oppor- the VFR visibility requirements outlined tunity to see and avoid any other air in § 135.205(a) of this chapter.

traffic or any obstructions in time to avoid a collision.

(qq) Section 135.207 Applies if the powered-lift does not have of this chapter. the flight instrumentation listed in § 135.159 of this chapter installed and operable.

(rr) Section Applies to all powered-lift except as pro- (1) The Administrator may authorize devi- 135.209(a) of this vided in paragraph (ss) of this section. ations from § 135.209(a) of this chapter chapter. for specific routes with one or more predetermined suitable landing areas if the FAA finds the operation can be conducted safely. If the Administrator authorizes such a deviation, an oper- ations specification will be issued to the operator containing, at a minimum, the specific routes and the VFR fuel re- serve specified in minutes. The Admin- istrator may, at any time, terminate any grant of deviation authority issued under this paragraph.

(2) Suitable landing area for purposes of this paragraph (rr) and paragraph (ss) of this section means an area that pro- vides the operator reasonable capability to land without causing undue hazard to persons or property. These suitable landing areas must be site specific, designated by the operator, and ac- cepted by the FAA.

(ss) Section Applies to powered-lift with the perform- The Administrator may authorize devi- 135.209(b) of this ance capability, as provided in the Air- ations from § 135.209(b) of this chapter chapter. craft Flight Manual, for the entire flight for specific routes with one or more to conduct a landing in the vertical-lift predetermined suitable landing areas if flight mode. the FAA finds the operation can be conducted safely. If the Administrator authorizes such a deviation, an oper- ations specification will be issued to the operator containing, at a minimum, the specific routes and the VFR fuel re- serve specified in minutes. The Admin- istrator may, at any time, terminate any grant of deviation authority issued under this paragraph.

(tt) Section Applies to powered-lift authorized to con- Powered-lift that do not meet these cri- 135.221(b) of this duct copter procedures and which can teria must use the alternate airport chapter. land in the vertical-lift flight mode, as minimums specified for aircraft in provided in the Aircraft Flight Manual. § 135.221(a) of this chapter.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00958 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 194.306 T ABLE 1 TO § 194.306—Continued Regulation Applicability Additional requirements or clarification (uu) Section Applies to powered-lift authorized to con- (1) A powered-lift that meets the require- 135.223(a)(3) of duct copter procedures and that have ments of paragraph (uu) of this section this chapter. the performance capability, as provided may use the 30-minute fuel require- in the Aircraft Flight Manual, to conduct ments specified for helicopters in a landing in the vertical-lift flight mode § 135.223(a)(3) of this chapter.

for the entire flight. (2) Powered-lift that are unable to meet the requirements outlined in paragraph (uu) of this section must use the 45- minute fuel requirement outlined in § 135.223(a)(3) of this chapter.

(vv) Section Applies to all powered-lift.

135.225(e) of this chapter.

(ww) Section Applies to all powered-lift .......................... (1) Powered-lift critical surfaces, as out- 135.227(b) of this lined in the aircraft flight manual for that chapter. aircraft, must also be determined to be free of frost, ice, or snow.

(2) Powered-lift critical surfaces under this section are determined by the manufac- turer.

(xx) Section Applies to powered-lift that are type cer- 135.227(d) of this tificated and appropriately equipped for chapter. operations in icing conditions.

(yy) Section Applies to powered-lift taking off or land- If a powered-lift is not taking off or landing 135.229(b)(2)(ii) of ing in vertical-lift flight mode and in vertical-lift flight mode and is not this chapter. equipped with landing lights oriented in equipped with landing lights oriented in a direction that enables the pilot to see a direction that enables the pilot to see the area to be used for landing or take- the area to be used for landing or take- off marked by reflective material. off marked by reflective material, the powered-lift must take off or land at an airport with boundary or runway marker lights.

Part 135, Subpart F Crewmember Flight Time and Duty Period Limitations and Rest Requirements (zz) Section 135.271 Applies to powered-lift conducting oper- of this chapter. ations in accordance with subpart L to part 135 of this chapter.

Part 135, Subpart I Airplane Performance Operating Limitations (aaa) Section As applicable to each powered-lift consid- Any sections or paragraphs within sec- 135.361(a) of this ering size and certification basis and tions to subpart I to part 135 of this chapter. subject to any limitations outlined in this chapter that refer to a specific category part. of aircraft and that are not referenced in the table 1 to § 194.302 or this table, do not apply to powered-lift.

(bbb) Section As applicable to each powered-lift, re- 135.363(b) through gardless of power plant type, consid- (e) of this chapter. ering size and certification basis.

(ccc) Section Applies to powered-lift that must comply 135.363(f) of this with §§ 135.365 through 135.387 of this chapter. chapter as set forth in paragraphs (ddd) through (jjj) of this section.

(ddd) Section Applies to large powered-lift ..................... The Aircraft Flight Manual must contain 135.379(a) and (d) the takeoff weight performance informa- of this chapter. tion.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00959 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 194.306 T ABLE 1 TO § 194.306—Continued Regulation Applicability Additional requirements or clarification (eee) Section Applies to large powered-lift certificated to The accelerate-stop distance required by 135.379(c), (e), (f), conduct takeoff operations that utilize § 135.379(c)(1) of this chapter must and (g) of this wing-borne lift as indicated in the air- comply with § 25.109 of this chapter or chapter. craft flight manual. such airworthiness criteria as the FAA may find provide an equivalent level of safety in accordance with § 21.17(b) of this chapter.

(fff) Section 135.381 Applies to large powered-lift of this chapter.

(ggg) Section Applies to large powered-lift 135.383(c) of this chapter.

(hhh) Section Applies to large powered-lift ..................... The Aircraft Flight Manual must contain 135.385(a) of this the landing weight performance infor- chapter. mation.

(iii) Section Applies to large powered-lift certificated to Section 135.385(f) only applies to eligible 135.385(b), (d), conduct landing operations that utilize on-demand operators.

(e), and (f) of this wing-borne lift and that have landing chapter. performance information contained in the aircraft flight manual.

(jjj) Section Applies to large powered-lift certificated to (1) Powered-lift operating under 135.387(a) and (b) conduct landing operations that utilize § 135.387(a) of this chapter must be of this chapter. wing-borne lift and that have landing able to complete a full stop landing performance information contained in within 60 percent of the effective length the aircraft flight manual. of the runway.

(2) Section 135.387(b) only applies to eli- gible on-demand operators.

(kkk) Section Applies to small powered-lift having a The Aircraft Flight Manual must contain 135.397(b) of this passenger-seating configuration of the takeoff and landing weight perform- chapter. more than 19 seats and that utilize ance information.

wing-borne lift during takeoff and land- ing.

Part 135, Subpart J Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations (lll) Section Applies to powered-lift that operate in re- 135.429(d) of this mote areas or sites chapter.

Part 135, Subpart L Helicopter Air Ambulance Equipment, Operations, and Training Requirements (mmm) Section Applies to powered-lift conducting oper- 135.601 of this ations in accordance with subpart L to chapter. part 135 of this chapter.

(nnn) Section Applies to powered-lift conducting oper- (1) Under § 135.603 of this chapter, no 135.603 of this ations in accordance with subpart L to certificate holder may use, nor may any chapter. part 135 of this chapter. person serve as, a pilot in command of an air ambulance operation unless that person meets the requirements of § 135.243 of this chapter and holds a powered-lift instrument rating or an air- line transport pilot certificate with a cat- egory rating for that aircraft, that is not limited to VFR.

(2) See § 194.249 of this chapter for ref- erences to class in part 135 of this chapter.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00960 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 194.306 T ABLE 1 TO § 194.306—Continued Regulation Applicability Additional requirements or clarification (ooo) Section Applies to powered-lift conducting oper- Powered-lift must be equipped with a heli- 135.605 of this ations in accordance with subpart L to copter terrain awareness and warning chapter. part 135 of this chapter. system (HTAWS) that meets the re- quirements in TSO–C194 and Section 2 of RTCA DO–309 (incorporated by reference, see § 194.109) or a FAA-ap- proved TAWS A/HTAWS hybrid sys- tem.

(ppp) Section Applies to powered-lift conducting oper- 135.607 of this ations in accordance with subpart L to chapter. part 135 of this chapter.

(qqq) Section Applies to powered-lift conducting oper- (1) For nonmountainous local flying 135.609 of this ations in accordance with subpart L to areas, powered-lift must comply with chapter. part 135 of this chapter. the following weather minimums: (i) During day operations in a vertical-lift or wing-borne flight mode, a ceiling of 800 feet and visibility of 2 SM; (ii) During night operations in a vertical-lift flight mode, a ceiling of 800 feet and visibility of 3 SM; and (iii) During night operations in a wing- borne flight mode, a ceiling of 1,500 feet and visibility of 3 SM.

(2) For nonmountainous, non-local flying areas, powered-lift must comply with the following weather minimums: (i) During day operations in a vertical-lift or wing-borne flight mode, a ceiling of 800 feet and visibility of 3 SM; (ii) During night operations in a vertical-lift flight mode, a ceiling of 1,000 feet and visibility of 3 SM.

(iii) During night operations in a wing- borne flight mode, a ceiling of 1,500 feet and visibility of 3 SM.

(3) For mountainous local flying areas, powered-lift must comply with the fol- lowing weather minimums: (i) During day operations in a vertical-lift or wing-borne flight mode, a ceiling of 800 feet and visibility of 3 SM; (ii) During night operations in a vertical-lift flight mode, a ceiling of 1,000 feet and visibility of 3 SM.

(iii) During night operations in a wing- borne flight mode, a ceiling of 2,500 feet and visibility of 3 SM.

(4) For mountainous non-local flying areas, powered-lift must comply with the following weather minimums: (i) During day operations in a vertical-lift or wing-borne flight mode, a ceiling of 1,000 feet and visibility of 3 SM; and (ii) During night operations in a vertical-lift flight mode, a ceiling of 1,000 feet and visibility of 5 SM; (iii) During night operations in a wing- borne flight mode, a ceiling of 2,500 feet and visibility of 5 SM.

(rrr) Section 135.611 Applies to powered-lift conducting oper- of this chapter. ations in accordance with subpart L to part 135 of this chapter.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00961 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 194.306 T ABLE 1 TO § 194.306—Continued Regulation Applicability Additional requirements or clarification (sss) Section Applies to powered-lift conducting oper- (1) Section 135.613(a)(1) of this chapter 135.613(a) of this ations in accordance with subpart L to only applies to powered-lift equipped chapter. part 135 of this chapter. and certified to conduct PinS ap- proaches annotated with a ‘‘Proceed VFR’’ segment.

(2) The applicable VFR weather mini- mums under § 135.613(a)(2) of this chapter for powered-lift operating in the wing-borne flight mode are: (i) For Day Operations: No less than a 1,000-foot ceiling and 2 statute miles flight visibility; and (ii) For Night Operations: No less than a 1,500-foot ceiling and 3 statute miles flight visibility.

(3) The applicable VFR weather mini- mums under § 135.613(a)(2) of this chapter for powered-lift operating in the vertical-lift mode are: (i) For Day Operations: No less than a 600-foot ceiling and 2 statute miles flight visibility; and (ii) For Night Operations: No less than a 600-foot ceiling and 3 statute miles flight visibility.

(ttt) Section Applies to powered-lift conducting oper- (1) Under § 135.613(b)(1) of this chapter, 135.613(b) of this ations in accordance with subpart L to for transitions from VFR to IFR upon chapter. part 135. departure, the VFR weather minimums outlined for powered-lift under para- graph (sss) of this section apply if: (i) An FAA-approved obstacle departure procedure is followed; and (ii) An IFR clearance is obtained on or be- fore reaching a predetermined location that is not more than 3 NM from the de- parture location.

(2) Under § 135.613(b)(2) of this chapter, if the departure does not meet the re- quirements of paragraph (ttt)(1) of this section, the VFR weather minimums re- quired by the SFAR for the class of air- space apply.

(uuu) Section Applies to powered-lift conducting oper- (1) For powered-lift operating in wing- 135.615 of this ations in accordance with subpart L to borne flight mode during the enroute chapter. part 135 of this chapter. phase of flight, under § 135.615(a)(3), (b), and (c) of this chapter, the following minimums apply: (i) For day operations: no less than 500 feet above the surface or no less than 500 feet horizontally from any obstacle; or (ii) For night operations: at an altitude no less than 1,000 feet above the highest obstacle within a horizontal distance of 5 miles from the course intended to be flown or, in designated mountainous terrain, no less than 2,000 feet above the highest obstacle within a horizontal distance of 5 miles from the course in- tended to be flown.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00962 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 194.308 T ABLE 1 TO § 194.306—Continued Regulation Applicability Additional requirements or clarification (2) For powered-lift operating in vertical- lift flight mode during the enroute phase of flight, under § 135.615(a)(3), (b), and (c) of this chapter, the following mini- mums apply: (i) No less than 300 feet for day oper- ations.

(ii) No less than 500 feet for night oper- ations.

(vvv) Section Applies to powered-lift conducting oper- 135.617 of this ations in accordance with subpart L to chapter. part 135 of this chapter.

(www) Section Applies to powered-lift operators with 10 135.619 of this or more powered-lift, helicopters, or any chapter. combination thereof, assigned to the certificate holder’s operations specifica- tions for air ambulance operations.

(xxx) Section Applies to powered-lift conducting oper- 135.621 of this ations in accordance with subpart L to chapter. part 135 of this chapter.

[Docket FAA–2023–1275, Amdt. 194–1, 89 FR craft in part 136 of this chapter, as ap- 92489, Nov. 21, 2024; Amdt. 194–1A, 90 FR 219, plicable to the operation.

Jan. 3, 2025] (b) Suitable landing area, as defined in § 136.1 of this chapter, applies to § 194.307 Applicability of rules for eli- powered-lift conducting commercial air gible on-demand operations.

tours.

No person may operate a powered-lift (c) Critical change of thrust for pur- in an eligible on-demand operation poses of this section means a failure that would most adversely affect the under part 135 of this chapter without performance or handling qualities of an complying with the requirements spec- aircraft.

ified for the second in command of a (d) No person may operate a powered- fixed-wing aircraft contained in lift in a commercial air tour unless § 135.4(a)(3) of this chapter.

that person complies with the regula- tions listed in the first column of table § 194.308 Applicability of national air 1 to this section, notwithstanding their tour safety standards under part 136 of this chapter to powered-lift. applicability to airplanes or rotorcraft, subject to the applicability provisions (a) Persons operating powered-lift in in the second column, and any addi- commercial air tours must continue to tional requirements or clarification comply with rules applicable to all air- specified in the third column: VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00963 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 194.309

T ABLE 1 TO § 194.308 Regulation Applicability Additional Requirements or Clarification Part 136, Subpart A National Air Tour Safety Standards (1) Section 136.9 ...... Applies to powered-lift used in commer- (i) Section 136.9(b)(2) applies to pow- cial air tours over water beyond the ered-lift operating in wing-borne flight shoreline. mode within power-off gliding distance to the shoreline for the duration of the time that the flight is over water.

(ii) Section 136.9(b)(3), applies to multien- gine powered-lift that can be operated with the critical engine inoperative or while experiencing a critical change of thrust, at a weight that will allow it to climb, at least 50 feet a minute, at an altitude of 1,000 feet above the surface, as provided in the approved aircraft flight manual for that aircraft.

(2) Section 136.11 .... Applies to powered-lift used in commer- (i) Section 136.11(a)(1) applies to single- cial air tours over water beyond the engine powered-lift.

shoreline. (ii) Section 136.11(a)(2) applies to multi- engine powered-lift that cannot be op- erated with the critical engine inoper- ative or while experiencing a critical change of thrust, at a weight that will allow it to climb, at least 50 feet a minute, at an altitude of 1,000 feet above the surface, as provided in the approved aircraft flight manual for that aircraft.

(3) Section 136.13 .... Applies to powered-lift.

(4) Section 136.75(a) Applies to all single-engine powered-lift conducting air tours in Hawaii beyond the shore of any island.

(5) Section 136.75(b) Applies to powered-lift.

(6) Section 136.75(c) Applies to powered-lift with an Aircraft Except for approach to and transition from Flight Manual containing height velocity a hover, and except for the purpose of information. takeoff and landing, the PIC of a pow- ered-lift may only operate such aircraft at a combination of height and forward speed (including hover) that would per- mit a safe landing in the event of en- gine power loss or critical change of thrust, in accordance with the height- speed envelope for that powered-lift under current weight and aircraft alti- tude.

§ 91.109(c)(1)(i) of this chapter is not ap- § 194.309 Applicability of flight in- struction; simulated instrument plicable to operations conducted to flight.

meet alternate aeronautical experience requirements set forth in §§ 194.225, The requirement to hold the appro- 194.227, and 194.229.

priate category and class rating in VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00964 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 194.310

§ 194.310 Powered-lift in vertical-lift flight mode, flight recorder specifications under part 91 of this chapter.

T ABLE 1 TO § 194.310 Installed system minimum Sampling interval Resolution 3 read Parameters Range accuracy (per second) out (to recovered data) Relative Time (From Re- 4 hr minimum ..... ± 0.125% per hour 1 ......................... 1 sec.

corded on Prior to Take- off).

Indicated Airspeed .............. VM in to VD ± 5% or ± 10 kts., 1 ......................... 1 kt.

(KIAS) (min- whichever is imum airspeed greater.

signal attain- able with in- stalled pilot- static system).

Altitude ................................ ¥ 1,000 ft. to ± 100 to ± 700 ft. 1 ......................... 25 to 150 ft.

20,000 ft. pres- (see Table 1, sure altitude. TSO C51–a).

Magnetic Heading ............... 360 ° .................... ± 5 ° ...................... 1 ......................... 1 ° Vertical Acceleration ........... ¥ 3g to + 6g ....... ± 0.2g in addition 4 (or 1 per sec- 0.05g.

to ± 0.3g max- ond where imum datum. peaks, ref. to 1g are re- corded).

Longitudinal Acceleration ... ± 1.0g .................. ± 1.5% max.

2 ......................... 0.03g.

range exclud- ing datum error of ± 5%.

Pitch Attitude ...................... 100% of usable ± 2 ° ...................... 1 ......................... 0.8 ° .

range.

Roll Attitude ........................ ± 60 or 100% of ± 2 ° ...................... 1 ......................... 0.8 ° .

usable range, whichever is greater.

Altitude Rate ....................... ± 8,000 fpm ......... ± 10% Resolution 1 ......................... 250 fpm below 250 fpm below 12,000.

12,000 ft. indi- cated.

Engine Power, Each En- gine: Main Rotor Speed ....... Maximum Range ± 5% .................... 1 ......................... 1%.

Free or Power Turbine Maximum Range ± 5% .................... 1 ......................... 1%.

Engine Torque ............. Maximum Range ± 5% .................... 1 ......................... 1%.

Flight Control Hydraulic Pressure: Primary (Discrete) ....... High/Low ............ ............................. 1.

Secondary—if applica- High/Low ............ ............................. 1.

ble (Discrete).

Radio Transmitter Key- On/Off ................. ............................. 1.

ing (Discrete).

Autopilot Engaged Engaged or Dis- ............................. 1.

(Discrete). engaged.

SAS Status-Engaged Engaged or Dis- ............................. 1.

(Discrete). engaged.

SAS Fault Status (Dis- Fault/OK ............. ............................. 1.

crete).

Flight Controls: VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00965 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 194.311

T ABLE 1 TO § 194.310—Continued Installed system minimum Sampling interval Resolution 3 read Parameters Range accuracy (per second) out (to recovered data) Pilot Inputted—Primary Full range ........... ± 3% .................... 2 ......................... 1%.

Controls (I.E. Ascent, descent, accelera- tion, and decelera- tion, heading and di- rectional control for all axis).

Controllable Stabilator Full range ........... ± 3% .................... 2 ......................... 1%.

Position.

When data sources are aircraft instruments (except altimeters) of acceptable quality to fly the aircraft the recording system excluding these sensors (but including all other characteristics of the recording system) shall contribute no more than half of the values in this column.

Percent of full range.

§ 194.311 Powered-lift in wing-borne flight mode, flight recorder specifications under part 91 of this chapter.

T ABLE 1 TO § 194.311 Installed system minimum Sampling interval Resolution read Parameters Range accuracy (to (per second) out recovered data) Relative Time (From Re- 8 hr minimum ..... ± 0.125% per hour 1 ......................... 1 sec.

corded on Prior to Take- off).

Indicated Airspeed .............. Vso to VD (KIAS) ± 5% or ± 10 kts., 1 ......................... 1%.

whichever is greater. Reso- lution 2 kts.

below 175 KIAS.

Altitude ................................ ¥ 1,000 ft. to max ± 100 to ± 700 ft. 1 ......................... 25 to 150 ft.

cert. alt. of A/C. (see Table 1, TSO C51–a).

Magnetic Heading ............... 360 ° .................... ± 5 ° ...................... 1 ......................... 1. ° Vertical Acceleration ........... ¥ 3g to + 6g ....... ± 0.2g in addition 4 (or 1 per sec- 0.03g.

to ± 0.3g max- ond where imum datum. peaks, ref. to 1g are re- corded).

Longitudinal Acceleration ... ± 1.0g .................. ± 1.5% max. 2 ......................... 0.01g.

range exclud- ing datum error of ± 5%.

Pitch Attitude ...................... 100% of usable .. ± 2 ° ...................... 1 ......................... 0.8. ° Roll Attitude ........................ ± 60 ° or 100% of ± 2 ° ...................... 1 ......................... 0.8. ° usable range, whichever is greater.

Stabilizer Trim Position, or Full Range .......... ± 3% unless high- 1 ......................... 1%.

er uniquely re- quired.

Pitch Control Position VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00966 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 194.312

T ABLE 1 TO § 194.311—Continued Installed system minimum Sampling interval Resolution read Parameters Range accuracy (to (per second) out recovered data) Engine Power, Each Full Range .......... ± 3% unless high- 1 ......................... 1%.

Engine:. er uniquely re- quired.

1 3 Fan or N Speed or Maximum Range ± 5% .................... 1 ......................... 1%.

EPR or Cockpit indi- cations Used for Air- craft Certification OR.

Prop. speed and ............................. ............................. 1 (prop Speed) ... 1%.

Torque (Sample 1 (torque) ............ 1%.

Once/Sec as Close together as Prac- ticable).

Altitude Rate (need ± 8,000 fpm ......... ± 10%. Resolution 1 ......................... 250 fpm. below depends on altitude 250 fpm below 12,000.

resolution). 12,000 ft. indi- cated..

2 3 Angle of Attack (need ¥ 20 ° to 40 ° or ± 2 ° ...................... 1 ......................... 0.8%.

depends on altitude 100% of usable resolution). range.

Radio Transmitter Key- On/Off ................. ............................. 1.

ing (Discrete).

TE Flaps (Discrete or Each discrete po- ............................. 1.

Analog). sition (U, D, T/ O, AAP) OR.

LE Flaps (Discrete or Analog 0–100% ± 3% .................... 1 ......................... 1%.

Analog). range.

Each discrete po- ............................. 1.

sition (U, D, T/ O, AAP) OR.

Thrust Reverser, Each En- Analog 0–100% ± 3 ° ...................... 1 ......................... 1%.

gine (Discrete). range.

Stowed or full re- verse.

Spoiler/Speedbrake (Dis- Stowed or out ..... ............................. 1.

crete).

Autopilot Engaged (Dis- Engaged or Dis- ............................. 1.

crete). engaged.

When data sources are aircraft instruments (except altimeters) of acceptable quality to fly the aircraft the recording system excluding these sensors (but including all other characteristics of the recording system) shall contribute no more than half of the values in this column.

If data from the altitude encoding altimeter (100 ft. resolution) is used, then either one of these parameters should also be recorded. If, however, altitude is recorded at a minimum resolution of 25 feet, then these two parameters can be omitted.

Percent of full range.

§ 194.312 Powered-lift in vertical-lift flight mode, flight recorder specifications under part 135 of this chapter.

T ABLE 1 TO § 194.312 Installed system minimum Sampling interval Resolution read Parameters Range accuracy (to (per second) out recovered data) Relative time (from re- 25 hr minimum ... ± 0.125% per hour 1 ......................... 1 sec.

corded on prior to take- off).

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00967 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 194.312

T ABLE 1 TO § 194.312—Continued Installed system minimum Sampling interval Resolution read Parameters Range accuracy (to (per second) out recovered data) Indicated airspeed .............. V in to V m D ± 5% or ± 10 kts., 1 ......................... 1 kt.

(KIAS) (min- whichever is imum airspeed greater.

signal attain- able with in- stalled pilot- static system).

Altitude ................................ ¥ 1,000 ft. to ± 100 to ± 700 ft. 1 ......................... 25 to 150 ft.

20,000 ft. pres- (see Table 1, sure altitude. TSO C51–a).

Magnetic heading ............... 360 ° .................... ± 5 ° ...................... 1 ......................... 1 ° .

Vertical acceleration ........... ¥ 3g to + 6g ....... ± 0.2g in addition 4 (or 1 per sec- 0.05g.

to ± 0.3g max- ond where imum datum. peaks, ref. to 1g are re- corded).

Longitudinal acceleration .... ± 1.0g .................. ± 1.5% max. 2 ......................... 0.03g.

range exclud- ing datum error of ± 5%.

Pitch attitude ....................... 100% of usable ± 2 ° ...................... 1 ......................... 0.8 ° .

range.

Roll attitude ......................... ± 60 ° or 100% of ± 2 ° ...................... 1 ......................... 0.8 ° .

usable range, whichever is greater.

Altitude rate ........................ ± 8,000 fpm ......... ± 10% Resolution 1 ......................... 250 fpm below 250 fpm below 12,000.

12,000 ft. indi- cated.

Engine Power, Each En- gine: Main rotor speed ......... Maximum range ± 5% .................... 1 ......................... 1%.

Free or power turbine .. Maximum range + 5% ................... 1 ......................... 1%.

Engine torque Maximum range ± 5% .................... 1 ......................... 1%.

Flight Control—Hydraulic Pressure: Primary (discrete) ........ High/low .............. ............................. 1.

Secondary—if applica- High/low .............. ............................. 1.

ble (discrete).

Radio transmitter key- On/off .................. ............................. 1.

ing (discrete).

Autopilot engaged (dis- Engaged or dis- ............................. 1.

crete). engaged.

SAS status—engaged Engaged/dis- ............................. 1.

(discrete). engaged.

SAS fault status (dis- Fault/OK ............. ............................. 1.

crete).

Flight Controls: Primary Controls (I.E. Full range ........... ± 3% .................... 2 ......................... 1%.

Ascent, descent, ac- celeration, and de- celeration, heading and directional con- trol for all axis) .

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00968 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 194.313

T ABLE 1 TO § 194.312—Continued Installed system minimum Sampling interval Resolution read Parameters Range accuracy (to (per second) out recovered data) Controllable Stabilator Full range ........... ± 3% .................... 2 ......................... 1%.

Position .

When data sources are aircraft instruments (except altimeters) of acceptable quality to fly the aircraft the recording system excluding these sensors (but including all other characteristics of the recording system) shall contribute no more than half of the values in this column.

Percent of full range.

For all aircraft manufactured on or after December 6, 2010, the sampling interval per second is 4.

§ 194.313 Powered-lift in wing-borne flight mode, flight recorder specification under part 135 of this chapter.

T ABLE 1 TO § 194.313 Installed system minimum Sampling interval Resolution read Parameters Range accuracy (to (per second) out recovered data) Relative time (from re- 25 hr minimum ... ± 0.125% per hour 1 ......................... 1 sec.

corded on prior to take- off).

Indicated airspeed .............. V to V (KIAS) ± 5% or ± 10 kts., 1 ......................... 1%.

so D whichever is greater. Reso- lution 2 kts.

below 175 KIAS.

Altitude ................................ ¥ 1,000 ft. to max ± 100 to ± 700 ft. 1 ......................... 25 to 150 cert. alt. of A/C. (see Table 1, TSO C51–a).

Magnetic heading ............... 360 ° .................... ± 5 ° ...................... 1 ......................... 1 ° Vertical acceleration ........... ¥ 3g to + 6g ....... ± 0.2g in addition 4 (or 1 per sec- 0.03g.

to ± 0.3g max- ond where imum datum. peaks, ref. to 1g are re- corded).

Longitudinal acceleration .... ± 1.0g .................. ± 1.5% max. 2 ......................... 0.01g.

range exclud- ing datum error of ± 5%.

Pitch attitude ....................... 100% of usable .. ± 2 ° ...................... 1 ......................... 0.8 ° Roll attitude ......................... ± 60 ° or 100% of ± 2 ° ...................... 1 ......................... 0.8 ° usable range, whichever is greater.

Stabilizer trim position ........ Full range ........... ± 3% unless high- 1 ......................... 1%.

er uniquely re- quired.

Or Pitch control position ... Full range ........... ± 3% unless high- 1 ......................... 1%.

er uniquely re- quired.

Engine Power, Each Engine Fan or N speed or Maximum range ± 5% .................... 1 ......................... 1%.

EPR or cockpit indi- cations used for air- craft certification.

Or VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00969 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 194.401

T ABLE 1 TO § 194.313—Continued Installed system minimum Sampling interval Resolution read Parameters Range accuracy (to (per second) out recovered data) Prop. speed and torque ............................. ............................. 1 (prop speed), 1 (sample once/sec as (torque).

close together as practicable).

Altitude rate (need ± 8,000 fpm ......... ± 10%. Resolution 1 ......................... 250 fpm Below depends on altitude 250 fpm below 12,000 resolution). 12,000 ft. indi- cated.

2 3 Angle of attack (need ¥ 20 ° to 40 ° or of ± 2 ° ...................... 1 ......................... 0.8%.

depends on altitude usable range.

resolution).

Radio transmitter key- On/off .................. ............................. 1.

ing (discrete).

TE flaps (discrete or Each discrete po- ............................. 1.

analog). sition (U, D, T/ O, AAP).

Or.

Analog 0–100% ± 3 ° ...................... 1 ......................... 1%.

range.

LE flaps (discrete or Each discrete po- ............................. 1.

analog). sition (U, D, T/ O, AAP).

Or.

............................................. Analog 0–100% ± 3 ° ...................... 1 ......................... 1%.

range.

Thrust reverser, each Stowed or full re- ............................. 1.

engine (Discrete). verse.

Spoiler/speedbrake Stowed or out ..... ............................. 1.

(discrete).

Autopilot engaged (dis- Engaged or dis- ............................. 1.

crete). engaged.

When data sources are aircraft instruments (except altimeters) of acceptable quality to fly the aircraft the recording system excluding these sensors (but including all other characteristics of the recording system) shall contribute no more than half of the values in this column.

If data from the altitude encoding altimeter (100 ft. resolution) is used, then either one of these parameters should also be recorded. If, however, altitude is recorded at a minimum resolution of 25 feet, then these two parameters can be omitted.

Percent of full range.

pertain to rotorcraft also apply to pow-

Subpart D—Maintenance, Preven-

ered-lift: tive Maintenance, Rebuilding, (a) Section 43.3(h) of this chapter ap-

and Alteration Requirements

plies to certificate holders operating

for Powered-Lift Under Part 43

powered-lift under part 135 of this

of This Chapter

chapter in a remote area; and (b) In lieu of complying with § 43.15(b) § 194.401 Applicability.

of this chapter, each person performing Unless otherwise specified by this an inspection required by part 91 of part, powered-lift must continue to this chapter on a powered-lift shall in- comply with rules applicable to all air- spect critical parts in accordance with craft in part 43 of this chapter.

the maintenance manual or Instruction for Continuous Airworthiness, or as § 194.402 Maintenance provisions.

otherwise approved by the Adminis- The following maintenance provi- trator.

sions under part 43 of this chapter that VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00970 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT Pt. 194, App. A

representative of the powered-lift type with (1) A ‘‘critical part’’ has the same single controls and a single pilot station.

meaning as provided in §§ 27.602 and (b) Following the training set forth in 29.602 of this chapter.

paragraph (a) of this section, the applicant (2) [Reserved] must satisfactorily accomplish a check with a check pilot, a training center evaluator, an A PPENDIX A TO P ART 194—M INIMUM R E- authorized instructor, instructor pilot, an QUIREMENTS FOR A P ILOT T RAINING FAA aviation safety inspector, or another P ROGRAM IN A P OWERED -L IFT O RIGI - person authorized by the FAA to administer NALLY T YPE C ERTIFICATED OR S EEK- this check in a qualified Level C or higher ING T YPE C ERTIFICATION W ITH O NE full flight simulator in accordance with the S ET OF C ONTROLS AND A S INGLE approved training program. The check must P ILOT S TATION consist of oral questioning followed by the satisfactory performance of all the maneu- 1. A PPLICABILITY vers and procedures required for the issuance of a commercial pilot certificate with a pow- (a) This appendix prescribes the minimum ered-lift category rating, for the issuance of requirements to apply for a pilot training an instrument-powered-lift rating and for program for the following ratings in a pow- the issuance of a powered-lift type rating, ered-lift originally type certificated or seek- except those tasks waived in accordance ing type certification with one set of con- with § 194.207(c).

trols and a single pilot station: (1) Powered-lift Category; 5. A IRCRAFT F AMILIARITY F LIGHT (2) Powered-lift Type; (3) Instrument-Powered-lift.

(a) Within 90 days of an applicant’s suc- (b) Notwithstanding the exceptions in cessful completion of the check set forth by § 194.211, a person utilizing the alternate section 4.(b) of this appendix, the applicant pathway set forth in this appendix must must observe an aircraft familiarity flight apply for all three ratings simultaneously.

with an authorized instructor.

(b) The aircraft familiarity flight must in- 2. E LIGIBILITY clude the following components: (a) To utilize the alternate framework set (1) The authorized instructor must dem- forth by this appendix, an applicant must be onstrate the flight maneuvers and proce- qualified in accordance with the require- dures required for the issuance of a commer- ments set forth by § 194.215(a).

cial pilot certificate with a powered-lift cat- (b) The alternate framework set forth in egory rating, for the issuance of an instru- this appendix may only be provided under a ment-powered-lift rating and for the part 135, 141, or 142 approved training pro- issuance of a powered-lift type rating, except gram.

those tasks waived in accordance with § 194.207(c), in the aircraft in flight, and 3. G ROUND T RAINING (2) The applicant must have unobstructed (a) An applicant must receive and log all visual sight of the controls and instrumenta- required ground training set forth by tion and maintain active communication §§ 61.63(b) and 61.65(b) of this chapter prior to with the authorized instructor for the entire receiving training in accordance with sec- flight.

tion 4. of this appendix.

(c) The aircraft familiarity flight may (b) Following the required ground training occur during one flight or over multiple as set forth in paragraph (a) of this section, flights.

an applicant must successfully complete a (d) Following successful completion of the written or oral check administered by the aircraft familiarity flight, the authorized in- training provider.

structor may endorse the applicant to act as pilot in command of the specific powered-lift 4. S IMULATOR T RAINING IN A L EVEL C OR H IGH - to accomplish the demonstration flight with ER F ULL F LIGHT S IMULATOR R EPRESENTA - an authorized instructor on board as set TIVE OF A P OWERED -L IFT W ITH SINGLE C ON - forth in section 6.(a) of this appendix. The TROLS AND A S INGLE P ILOT S TATION endorsement is valid for 90 days from the (a) In lieu of flight training in a powered- date of successful completion of the full lift with single controls and a single pilot flight simulator check set forth by section station, an applicant seeking a powered-lift 4.(b) of this appendix.

category rating, instrument rating, and a type rating may complete all applicable 6. D EMONSTRATION AND S OLO F LIGHTS flight training requirements prescribed in (a) Demonstration flight.

part 61 of this chapter or the corresponding framework prescribed in §§ 194.217 through (1) After an applicant receives an endorse- 194.235 (except for the cross-country require- ment to act as PIC in accordance with sec- ments in § 194.233), as applicable, in a quali- tion 5.(d) of this appendix, the applicant fied Level C or higher full flight simulator must complete a demonstration flight under VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00971 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) Pt. 194, App. A

the direct observation of an authorized in- cordance with section 6.(a)(4) of this appen- structor. dix, the applicant must complete 20 hours of (2) The demonstration flight must include solo flight in the aircraft, which must in- the following components: clude: (i) The applicant must demonstrate the (1) 10 hours of solo flight time in accord- flight maneuvers and procedures required for ance with § 61.129(e)(4) or the corresponding the issuance of a commercial pilot certifi- alternate provision set forth in §§ 194.217 cate with a powered-lift category rating, for through 194.231 of this part; the issuance of an instrument-powered-lift (2) 10 hours of solo flight time that in- rating and for the issuance of a powered-lift cludes the maneuvers and procedures re- type rating, except those tasks waived in ac- quired for the issuance of a commercial pilot cordance with § 194.207(c), in the aircraft in certificate with a powered-lift category rat- flight, and (ii) The authorized instructor must have ing, for the issuance of an instrument-pow- unobstructed visual sight of the controls and ered-lift rating and for the issuance of a pow- instrumentation and maintain active com- ered-lift type rating; and munication with the applicant for the entire (3) The alternate cross-country aero- flight.

nautical experience requirements prescribed (3) The demonstration flight may occur in § 194.233 of this part.

during one flight or over multiple flights.

(d) Lapse of endorsement for solo flights. If (4) Upon determination that the applicant the applicant does not successfully complete has demonstrated satisfactory proficiency in the solo flight time required in paragraph (c) the aircraft, the check pilot, training center of this section within the 90-day endorse- evaluator, authorized instructor, instructor ment period, the applicant may receive an- pilot, FAA aviation safety inspector, or an- other 90-day endorsement by satisfying the other person authorized by the FAA to ad- requirements of paragraph (d)(1) or (2) of this minister this check may endorse the appli- section, as applicable.

cant to act as pilot in command of the spe- (1) If the applicant seeks to renew the en- cific powered-lift to conduct solo flight in accordance with paragraph (c) of this sec- dorsement for another 90-day period and is tion. The endorsement is valid for 90 days within the 90-day period of the original en- from the day the demonstration flight is suc- dorsement, the applicant must complete a cessfully completed.

demonstration flight consisting of the tasks (b) Failure to complete demonstration flight and maneuvers set forth by section 10. of this during endorsement period.

appendix, in addition to any maneuvers or (1) If the applicant does not successfully procedures deemed necessary by the check complete the demonstration flight in para- pilot, training center evaluator, authorized graph (a) of this section within the 90-day instructor, instructor pilot, FAA aviation endorsement period, the applicant may re- safety inspector, or another person author- ceive another endorsement by: ized by the FAA to ensure proficiency.

(i) Completing a demonstration of pro- (2) If the applicant seeks another endorse- ficiency in the full flight simulator con- ment outside the 90-day period of the origi- sisting of the tasks and maneuvers set forth nal endorsement, the applicant must: by section 10. of this appendix, in addition to (i) The applicant must satisfactorily com- any maneuvers or procedures deemed nec- essary by the check pilot, training center plete a demonstration of proficiency in the evaluator, authorized instructor, instructor full flight simulator consisting of the tasks pilot, an FAA aviation safety inspector, or and maneuvers set forth by section 10. of this other person authorized by the FAA to ad- appendix, in addition to any maneuvers or minister this check to ensure proficiency, procedures deemed necessary by the author- and ized instructor to ensure proficiency, suc- (ii) Completing an aircraft familiarity cessful completion of which will result in a flight meeting the requirements of section 90-day endorsement to accomplish a dem- 5.(b) of this appendix.

onstration flight with an authorized instruc- (2) After the applicant meets the require- tor on board; and ments of paragraph (b)(1) of this section, the (ii) The applicant must complete a dem- applicant may receive another endorsement onstration flight with a check pilot, training for the applicant to act as pilot in command center evaluator, authorized instructor, in- of the specific powered-lift to accomplish the structor pilot, FAA aviation safety inspec- demonstration flight with an authorized in- tor, or another person authorized by the structor on board as set forth in section 6.(a) FAA to administer this check consisting of of this appendix. This endorsement is valid the tasks and maneuvers set forth by section for 90 days from the day the demonstration 10. of this appendix, in addition to any ma- of proficiency in the full flight simulator neuvers or procedures deemed necessary by was successfully completed.

(c) Solo Flights. After an applicant receives the authorized instructor to ensure pro- an endorsement to conduct solo flights in ac- ficiency.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00972 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT Pt. 194, App. A

7. P RACTICAL T EST 9. D EVIATION A UTHORITY (a) The applicant may meet the training The Administrator may authorize a devi- requirements of § 61.129(e)(3)(iv) in a Level C ation from the simulator qualification re- or higher FFS. quirement in section 4. of this appendix stip- (b) A person who uses a flight simulator or ulating that training must be completed in a flight training device for any portion of the qualified Level C or higher full flight simu- practical test in accordance with § 61.64(a) of lator upon a determination by the Adminis- this chapter after training in accordance trator that— with this appendix and does not meet the re- (a) The alternative training device is of quirements of § 61.64(e) of this chapter will— adequate fidelity to be used as a substitution (1) Receive a limitation that states ‘‘the for in-aircraft flight training; and certificate is subject to certain pilot in com- (b) The effectiveness and objectives of the mand limitations,’’ in lieu of the limitation training program can be met utilizing the al- set forth by § 61.64(f); and ternative training device.

(2) Be restricted from the carriage of per- 10. M ANEUVERS AND P ROCEDURES R EQUIRED sons or property other than necessary for the FOR C ERTAIN F LIGHTS P RESCRIBED BY T HIS conduct of the flight.

APPENDIX (c) The limitation described under para- graph (b) of this section may be removed This section sets forth the maneuvers and from the pilot certificate by meeting the re- procedures required for flights required in quirements set forth in section 8. of this ap- accordance with sections 6.(b)(1)(i), 6.(d)(1), pendix.

6.(d)(2)(i), and 6.(d)(2)(ii) of this appendix, ex- cept those maneuvers and procedures under 8. S UPERVISED O PERATING E XPERIENCE FOR A tasks waived in accordance with § 194.207(c).

P OWERED -L IFT W ITH S INGLE C ONTROLS AND (a) Proper flight preparation procedures, A S INGLE P ILOT S TATION including preflight planning and prepara- (a) The limitation set forth in paragraph tion, powerplant operation, and aircraft sys- 7.(b) of this appendix may be removed if the tems; pilot complies with the following: (b) Taxiing or surface operations, including (1) Performs 10 hours of flight time in an runups; aircraft of category and type for which the (c) Takeoffs and landings, including nor- limitation applies under the observation of a mal and crosswind; pilot who holds a category and type rating (d) Straight and level flight, and turns in without limitations for the aircraft, main- both directions; taining full communication with the observ- (e) Climbs and climbing turns; ing pilot; (f) Airport traffic patterns, including entry (2) Logs each flight and the observing pilot and departure procedures; attests in writing to each flight; and (g) Collision avoidance, windshear avoid- (3) Presents evidence of the supervised op- ance, and wake turbulence avoidance; erating experience to any examiner or Flight (h) Descents with and without turns; Standards office to have the limitation re- (i) Flight at various airspeeds from cruise moved. to slow flight; (b) The flight time required in paragraph (j) Stall entries from various flight atti- (a)(1) of this section must include a cross- tudes and power combinations with recovery country flight in a powered-lift under instru- initiated at the first indication of a stall, ment flight rules on a flight plan filed with and recovery from a full stall; an air traffic control facility that involves— (k) Emergency procedures and equipment (i) A flight of at least 100 nautical miles malfunctions; along airways or by directed routing from an (l) Ground reference maneuvers; air traffic control facility; (m) Approaches to a landing with simu- (ii) An instrument approach at each air- lated engine malfunctions; port; and (n) Go-arounds; (iii) Three different kinds of approaches (o) Approaches to the landing area; with the use of navigation systems. (p) Hovering and hovering turns; and (c) The observing pilot must have unob- (q) For a multiengine powered-lift, simu- structed visual sight of the controls and in- lated one-engine-inoperative approaches and strumentation. landings.

SUBCHAPTER M [ RESERVED ]

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00973 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR